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PROTECTIVE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES IN THE VILLAGE OF KOPRIVNO NORTH-EAST OF KLIS
Hrvoje Gjurašin
; Muzej hrvatskih arheoloških spomenika
Sažetak
Planning the Zagreb -Zadar -Split highway, passing by the village of Koprivno, to pass over archaeological sites with a stone mound and two necropolises, generated the need of protective researches. At the first necropolis, Kod križa, there have been excavated 97 graves, and at the other one, 70 meters further to the west, 23 graves. They can be dated to the 13th-18th centuries. The Kod križa necropolis spread to the south-east Over a stone mound in which, besides eleven medieval graves, there have also been discovered a prehistoric grave and fragments of an early Bronze Age jug. 1. KOD KRIŽA CEMETERY Before the research, there was visible a larger undecorated slab-shaped tombstone. At the site there were also visible several graves with drystone crowns. The main feature of the site is a trunk-shaped tumbstone, made of stećak tombstone fragments. The grave:S western side is made of a slab-shaped stećak, decorated with half-moon and circle relieves and two incised crosses. Above the western part of the grave there is a larger stone cross that gave name to the site (Kod križa = By the Cross). At the eastern part of the stone cross there is relief image ofan anthropomorphic cross and two circles lrosettes. At this late Middle-Age and New Age necropolis there have been found 97 graves. To the south-east the cemetery spread over the stone mound, and to the north and the west under the country road. The terrain on which the cemetery is located is markedly rocky, and most of the graves are cut in the bedrock. Most of the graves have, cut in the bedrock, built grave architecture, that is, they are lined with vertically set stone slabs. Occasional/y, instead of slabs, lining is made of amorphous cut rocks. Such grave is covered with several slabs from the feet to the head. Most oft he graves had a drystone crown, oval or rectangular, under which there is the grave. Some of them in the crown had a head-stone, even two head-stones. The present All Saints' Church, at the local cemetery, was built at the end of the 19" century, most probably on the site of an older one. At the entrance to the cemetery, north-west of the church, there are visible older graves, identical by the way of building to some of the graves of the Kod križa necropolis. Most of the grave goods fund at the Kod križa necropolis are needles, clothing buckles and simple buttons. All of them are characteristic for the late Middle Age. Dated to the New Age are shoe-sole guards, and coins -six coins of the Spanish king Carlos II (ruled 1665-1 700) from the child grave G 79. Since the coins are perforated, they were obviously used as decoration, a part of a necklace. ln the graves there have been also found five Turkish silver coins -the akche, and two Roman co ins, of one of them only a small fragment. The Roman coins make incidental finds, whereas the Turkish akche were official money in these parts at the time of the Turkish conquest. Most probably, they were struck in Bosnia in the 16'" century. Turkish silver coins, remains of wool clothing with buckles, the grave architecture -crowned graves, as well as the historic sources, indicate that a part oft he graves can be related to the Vlachs, Turkish subjects, who settled the deserted area of Dugopolje -Koprivno in the first half oft he 16"' century. Burials at the Kod križa necropolis started in the 16th and ended in the 18th century. 2. STONE MO UND Besides this stone mound, there are several more in Koprivno, and several empty graves in smaller mounds are visible above Nazlići. Our stone mollnd is situated south-east of the necropolis, its base oval shaped, 19.5 m in radius, and up to 1.4 m in height. Next to the already known late Middle-Age and NewAge graves (eleven graves) at the eastern end of the mould, there has been excavated a pre-historic grave (G S5A), shaped like a stone trunk. The grave, 90 x 40 cm in size, contained bones of a male person (50-55 years old) buried in the bent position and no grave goods. Starohrvatslw. prosvjeta lIT/32 (2005.) _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ ._- - - o _ _ --_ ---Sepulchral monuments -stone mounds, were created in the pre-historic epoque, but were practicedfor burials in the classical period and, even more, in the Middle Ages. The only pre-historic grave in che moOuld of Koprivno is found at its eastern end. As the first one created, it should have been located closer to its centre. It has been shifted to its end, probably, by moving of the mound westward, because of clearing of the land for agriculture, or because ofeleven new burials in the late Middle Ages. Almost in the centre of the mound, 100 cm deep, there have been found fragments of a black clay jug. This is probably a vessel used for the burial cult purposes. The jug is identical to the similar examples from mounds around the spring, and belongs to the early Bronze Age, indicating the time of building of the mound and the burial. In the later Middle Ages, the mound was used in widening of the nearby necropolis. 3. KOPRiVNO -CEMETERY BY THE EASTERN SIDE OF THE JAKOV NAZLIĆ'S FENCE Another necropolis in Koprivno is situated about 70 m west of the Kod križa site. 23 graves have been excavated there. Most of the graves are oriented E -W, with minor deviations, and five oft hem NE -SW One third of the graves are buried in the soil, and others cut in the bedrock. Graves 6, 9, 18 and 19 have no sepulchral architecture. Others have the common sepulchral architecture, consisting of stone slabs, more rarely of amorphous rocks used to line the grave. Grave 10 stands out by being located above the grave II and by the deceased person 's head being separated from the rest of the body with a stone slab. The first impression was that the head was buried alone, without the body. Four graves (5,9, J3, 15) have been empty, with no traces of a body. Only in two graves there have been found remains of another body, that is, the graves were used for two burials each. Such "poor utilisation" of the graves could indicate short duration of the necropolis, not more than a century. Finds have been found in female graves only (three-bead earrings, rings with coiled thickenings, coins). By comparison with three-bead earrings and earrings with three coiled thickenings from other sires, and according to the Verona town coins found, this small necrapolis can be dated from the end of the 13'" to the end oft he 14th centuries. Translated by: D. Kečkemet -------------------.
Ključne riječi
Koprivno; stone mound; necropolises; early Bronze Age; late Middle Ages
Hrčak ID:
81854
URI
Datum izdavanja:
29.12.2005.
Posjeta: 2.606 *