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THE EARLY CHRISTIAN BASILICA AND EARLY MEDIAEVAL CEMETERY ON RESETARICA BY LIVNO
Bono Mato Vrdoljak
; BIH -80101 Livno, Samostan Gorica
Sažetak
On the site of Rešetarica by Livno in Buško blato stand the nave, apse and narthex of the late Roman basilica and its later longitudinal additions. The basilica was built of limestone. Its ceiling construction was of timber and it probably had a timbel' roof whereas the walls were plastered and whitewashed. The windows were of glass. For its period it had the usual appointments: all furniture
was made of lime stone except for the a1tar mensa which was of marble. The altar screen was in the shape of a pergola and iJt consistect of ornamental pilasters and plutei, smaU columns and a.rchitraves. The pilasters and plutei bear geometrical motifs and Christian symbols; on the pilasters dominate six-Ieaved rosettes, vines and acanthus leaves, and on the plutei rosettes, vine leaves and grapes. Small columns with enthasis are subdivided with horizontal lines. Rectangular pilasters and imposts on the windows of the front side of the building are ornamented by crosses
with spread arms.
The central part of the basilica was most probably bullt in the second half of the fourth century, certainly before the invasion of the Western Goths, whereas the accompanying spaces were added in the first half of the fifth century. The basilica was destroyed in a great fire probably ca 600 at the time of the i.nvasion and destruction by the Avars and Slavs.
On Rešetarica are also mediaeval graves. All types are present from simple burials to those with standing tombstones. The burials are aligned and had the usual west-east orientation. In the earliest periods, larger stones taken from the basilica served as grave markers, at a later date standing tombstones came from the quarry which is situated nearby.
Several graves in the area of the basilica and around it contained exceptional finds. Thus grave number 4 contained a Carolingian sword and massive spurs, a razor, knife, tinder box and parts of belt fittings. Grave number 3 contained light Carolingian spurs and their side fittings, a knife and an iron object probably a part of a bag. Grave number 8 contained a neckIace and two knives as well as a ceramic vessel with some fifty snail shells. Iron objects and pottery sherds were found in sand on the east and south-east sides of the basilica and probably derive from destroyed graves of the same period.
The cemetery and especially the graves on the territory of the basilica and its envjrons, where burial took place from the early to the late mediaeval periods, hat the same features as the cemeteries of Grborezi, Korita, Glavica in Podgradina, Rapovine: all of them are situated in Livanjsko polje and have the same features as the cemeteries in DaImatdan Croatia of mediaeval date.
In Roman times the settlement was on Kraljičin nasip in Buško blato, whereas in the mediaeval period it was on the hillside of Kamešnica. The former had a basilica, the latter a small church. Both were wealthy and related to larger centres but both suffered the same fate. The first was destroyed ca 600 by the Avars, the second ca 1482 by the Turks. Both remained nameless and unknown to
historical sources.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
95494
URI
Datum izdavanja:
9.10.1990.
Posjeta: 3.225 *