Original scientific paper

Current state and the structural analysis of the mixed even-aged pedunculate oak and common hornbeam forests in Croatia

Vladimir Novotny ; Croatian Forest Research Institute, Division for Forest Management and Forest Economics, Trnjanska 35, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
STJEPAN DEKANIĆ ; IRES – Institute for Research and Development of Sustainable Ecosystems, Ivana Lučića 5, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
MARIO BOŽIĆ ; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Inventory and Management, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
ANAMARIJA JAZBEC ; University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Inventory and Management, Svetošimunska 25, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
TOMISLAV DUBRAVAC ; Croatian Forest Research Institute, Division of Silviculture, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia
ANAMARIJA DURBEŠIĆ ; Croatian Forests Ltd., Department of Forest Inventory, Lj. F. Vukotinovića 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Mixed forests of pedunculate oak and common hornbeamare among the most important and most recognizable forest ecosystems in Croatiawith exceptional ecological, economical and sociological significance. Stand structure of these forests can be very complex, and their development highly dynamic due to the relationships between the add-mixed tree species aswell as vertical and horizontal stand structural elements. In the contemporary management of oak-hornbeam forests in Croatia growth and yield tables of domestic authors are used. Aimof this research is to give an overview of the current state of mixed forest stands of pedunculate
oak and common hornbeam in Croatia through the analysis of available
information on the area extent and basic stand structural features. Furthermore, the information obtained in the research are compared with the data from the growth and yield tables of domestic authors.

Materials andMethods:Database used in this research is maintained by
the state-owned forest management company Croatian Forests Ltd., and is comprised of the data collected within the regular forest management. In total, 5,060 forest stands (sub-compartments) with total area of 75,948.76 ha from whole area extent of pedunculate oak in Croatia were included in the analysis. Record for each stand included: phytocoenological community, forest area, stand age and age class. Width of the age classes is 20 years. Analyzed stand structural attributes were grouped for each stand by tree species (pedunculate oak, common hornbeam and other species) and as a whole, and included: stand density, basal area, volume, quadratic mean
diameter and height. Finally, the shares of pedunculate oak and common hornbeam in the total basal area of each stand were calculated.

Results and discussion: Total area of mixed pedunculate oak and common hornbeam forests in Croatia, according to the results of this research, amounts to 98,364.43 ha. Age structure of these forests is irregular, both by area, and by the number of forest stands with stands older than 80 years (5th age class and older) dominate in the total area. Most of the stands (> 68%) grow on 1st site class, i.e. the best site class. Structural elements of forest stands on 1st site class, show a large variation of the analyzed structural elements throughout the development of the stands (2nd to 8th age class). Highest
variation is established in the shares of tree species in the total basal area of the stand. These values are under the direct influence of the growth and development of diameters at breast heights of trees of different species and of the corresponding diameter distributions. Basal area shares are also highly influenced by the silvicultural measures applied during the life-time of each particular stand. Comparison of actual stand structural attributes with the values indicated as optimal in the growth and yield tables of domestic authors revealed a high degree of discrepancy.

Conclusion: As a general conclusion, it can be said that
the currently used growth and yield tables only very rarely
correspond with the actual state of forest stands in the field.
New and improved methods of forest management planning
are highly desirable at this moment in Croatian forestry.

Keywords

mixed forest stands; pedunculate oak, common hornbeam, stand structural elements; basal area; growth and yield tables

Hrčak ID:

110901

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/110901

Publication date:

30.9.2013.

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