Izvorni znanstveni članak
Characteristics and Factors of Socialization of Land in Vojvodina
Melanija Jevđović
Sažetak
Historical development had formed in Vojvodina, as well as in Yugoslavia, a big number of small agricultural holdings and a relatively little number of laxge capitalistic
holdings. The latter ones were liquidated immediately after the last world war
by the Land Reform and the Law on Agricultural Land Fund in Sosial Ownership.
The land maximum in private ownership was fixed to 10 ha of cultivable land and
jn this way the eventual reconstitution of capitalistic holdings in agriculture has been
prevented. , , , .
Though the relatively fragmented landed estates of individual holdings represents
the real obstacle to the increase of agricultural production, the agrarian policy has
accepted the principle that in relation to the small and the middle peasants no
uneconomic compulsory measures should be undertaken in order to organize collectives
or change ownership relations.
In accordance with the basic views of marxism, the specific conditions of our
socialistic development and the complete voluntary and economical interests of producers,
the cooperation between individual and social holdings started to be organized
with the intention to improve the agricultural production on land of individual
holdings. The socialization of land takes place in different forms but the social
purchase of land has become the main form of the transfer of land into social
ownership.
Different factors influence the selling of land by individual holdings and the buying
of land by social holdings. The investigation and study of these factois is very
important because it is the only way of conceiving the possibilities for further
socialization of land. ■.
The author calculated the coefficients and indexes of correlations (square and
cubic parabola) for 29 factors which have an influence upon the socialization of land.
According to this the most important factors which positively influence the socialization
of land are the next ones:
— employment of people out of their holdings,
— social changes in the structure of individual holdings-households,
— insufficient supply of individual holdings with different kinds of implements
for work (means of production),
— insufficient territorialization of individual holdings,
— more developed cooperation between social and individual holdings and more
intensive social renting of private land,
— the larger expansion of the social sector,
— credit facilities for the social purchase of land.
The manifestation of stated factors resulted in the increase of the supply of land
and the decrease of the intensity of the interpeasants’ selling and buying of land
which have created the possibilities for social holdings to enlarge their land capacities.
Especially these factors contributed to this: employment of agricultural labour power
in nonagricultural activities and the increase of the number of part-time, nonagricultural
and aged holdings. However, the realization of the created opportunities foi
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socialization of land actually depends on the activity and the economical interests of
social holdings for the enlargement of their land-fund. So far social holdings have
been very active in this respect, partly due to the fact that considerable credit means
were given to them for this purpose.
Factors that negatively influence the socialization of land are the next ones:
— high proportion of »pure« agricultural holdings,
— high proportion of holdings with bigger landed estates and of those which are
well equipped with the means of production,
— high prices of land.
This is an indication that rural households whose existence still depends mostly
on the income from the holding are not able to separate themselves from the land
and therefore they do not sell their land so much but even buy it. So the supply is
lower than the demand of land and this causes the high price of land. In such
circumstances social holdings have no possibilities to enlarge their land capacities
by the purchase of land from individual holdings.
On the base of the effects of the stated positive and negative factors of the
socialization of land the author concludes that in Vojvodina there are conditions for
the considerable increase of the land area in social owmership in the future period.
By the increase of the employed persons in nonagricultural activities to 36.10%, as
it is anticipated by the plan of socioeconomical development of Vojvodina, 19.01651%
or 235,805 ha of cultivable area can pass from individual to social ownership till 1970.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
118519
URI
Datum izdavanja:
27.6.1966.
Posjeta: 1.203 *