Veterinarski arhiv, Vol. 84 No. 2, 2014.
Izvorni znanstveni članak
The effect of Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra L. on H9N2 avian influenza virus in infected chicken embryo.
Sadegh Karimi
; Avian Medicine, Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Ali Mohammadi
; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Habibollah Dadras
; Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Sažetak
Early studies have revealed some Echinacea and elderberry preparations possess significant antiviral effect against human nfluenza viruses subtypes H1, H2, H3, highly pathogenic H5 and H7, and human nfluenza B in ell culture assay. We investigated the anti-viral effect of ethanol extract of Echinacea purpurea (Echinaforce®) nd aqueous extract of Sambucus nigra L. (black elderberry; Sambucol®) in comparison to amantadine on a titer of H9N2 avian influenza virus in the allantoic fluid of infected chicken embryo using hemagglutination (HA) and quantitative Real Time/Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT/PCR) tests. The study was performed in two steps. First, the neutralization index (NI) based on a standard embryo infective dose 50 (EID50) method was used to evaluate the efficacy of the extracts/amantadine. Serial dilution of the virus was treated with a steady amount of the diluted extracts prior to inoculation of the embryonated eggs. The inoculated eggs then were incubated for 48 hours at 37 °C. In the next step, an equivalent of 500 EID50 of the virus was treated with a serial dilution of the extracts before inoculation. The titer of the virus in the allantoic fluid was evaluated and quantified using HA and qRT/PCR tests. The results confirmed the significant virucidal effects of both extracts against the virus. There was also a direct correlation between the results of the HA and qRT/PCR tests in the second step. In conclusion, the results confirm the considerable virucidal effect of both extracts against the H9N2 avian influenza virus.
Ključne riječi
Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower); black elderberry; Sambucus nigra; H9N2 avian influenza; quantitative real-time PCR
Hrčak ID:
118962
URI
Datum izdavanja:
31.3.2014.
Posjeta: 2.182 *