Izvorni znanstveni članak
The Structure, Economy and Head of the Zadruga (The Results of Empirical Research)
Blaga Petroska
Sažetak
As in the whole of Yugoslavia, in the Socialist Republic of Macedonia there
are many different types of family, which are the result of socio-ethnic differences
between regions. The continued existence of porodična zadruga, which preserve
traditional forms of family organization, is especially interesting.
The subject of this study is the zadruga among the Macedonian Orthodox
population. As a result of many influences, it is quickly disappearing. The author
studied the structure of the zadruga, its joint economy and the question of the
family head as a personification of the household. The basic hypothesis was that
these three elements in the zadruga are most exposed to change.
The basic methodological procedure is based on empirical measuring of changes
that take place in the zadruga under the influence of changes in society. This
method is operative because the causes are not studied in time, but post facturn,
after their influence has been expressed. Using many sources of information, in
the winter of 1968/69 we registered 27 zadrugas, or complex households with at
least two families of either the same or different generations. Among the extended
families examined 20 were composed of the father and his married sons, so-called očevske zadruge (father's zadruga), and 7 were communities of brothers,
uncles and nephiews, so-called bratske zadruge (brother’s zadruga).
In the aspect of structural changes in zadrugas our expectations were fulfilled.
Most of them involve tree or four nuclear families, thus including at least three
generations. We found the greatest changes in the decreased number of members
that form zadruga. The size of the zadruga has now been stabilized at 16.9
members.
Determining the social and occupational profile of zadrugas we saw that two
thirds of them are typically heterogeneous (the members have different occupations).
Thus there are 9 agricultural, and 18 agricultural-workers. With regard to
common economy our expectations were also fulfilled. The very fact that an
increasing number of family members seek wages in different occupations is a
large step foreward towards the disintegration of such communities.
We could see that the earlier clarly defined roles of the head of the zadruga
are now slowly being lost and a diffuse structure taking over, in which other
members, especially the male ones, now also take part. This participation has
a whole scale of intensity from partial participation to total taking over of the
roles that before belonged only to the head of the zadruga.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
119658
URI
Datum izdavanja:
7.12.1973.
Posjeta: 2.177 *