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AGRICULTURAL OVERPOPULATION
Rudolf Bičanić
Sažetak
The author discusses three different approaches to agricultural overpopulation:
from the consumption side, from the production side and from the aspect
of immobility of agricultural population.
In the first approach agrarian overpopulation is defined from the consumption
point of view as the number of people living from agriculture that can live from
aggregate agricultural income at a certain standard of consumption. In this connection
the problem of measuring total agricultural population, the aggregate consumption
fund and the standard of consumption are discussed. The conclusion is
that overpopulation increases with the size of the agricultural population, the decrease
of the consumption fund and the increase in the standard of consumption.
In the second approach, that of production, agricultural overpopulation is
measured as the number of people over a certain standard number of population
necessary to work the land at a certain level of productivity. In this case only
the agriculturally active population is taken into account, and different measures
of production are considered such as cultivated area, crop mix, yield per hectare
and productive capital. Agricultural overpopulation increases with the number of
agriculturally active population, with the decrease of the agricultural volume or
income from production, and with the increase of productivity of labour. An example
is given which shows that the agricultural overpopulation in Yugoslavia, if French
productivity of labour were reached, and Yugoslav yields set as the target, would
be eight million of total agracultural population, and if French yields per hectare
were to be achieved by the Yugoslav productivity of labour on the same area there
would be a shortage of 4.6 million agricultural population.
In the third approach, that of agricultural overpopulation as immobility of
the population, the question is asked — if there is agricultural overpopulation why
do not people move to other areas? The factors that keep them in equilibrium,
i. e. immobile, are discussed in four different groups; attractive endogene (pull in)
factors; expulsive endogene (push out) factors; expulsive exogene (pull out) factors;
attractive exogene (pull in) factors. A synoptic table of examples of such factors
is given regarding the following dimensions: demography, natural resources, instruments
of labour, employment, market and income, living standard, institutional and
developmental factors showing the complexity of the phenomenon of agricultural
overpopulation.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
121268
URI
Datum izdavanja:
13.11.1963.
Posjeta: 1.357 *