Izvorni znanstveni članak
COGNITIVE APPROACH TO THE ERGONOMIC DESIGN OF THE WORK AND TRAFFIC ENVIRONMENT
Davor Sumpor
orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-7046
; Fakultet prometnih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Jasna Jurum-Kipke
; Zagreb, Hrvatska
Nedžad Musabašić
; Fakultet prometnih znanosti Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Sažetak
A multidisciplinary ergonomic evaluations of the man-machine-environment system carried out on cabin controls and traffic processes demand from their designers a knowledge and training in the so-called non-technical sciences. Investigations of operator behaviour and/or design of traffic processes cannot be done only from the common behaviourist point of view based on the objective statistical risk assessed from traffic accidents, as already in the 1980s European experience showed that statistical risk is not a determinant in operator behaviour. Subjective risk becomes equal to the objective statistical risk only in the event when the operator acts at the limit of his capacity where the task at hand is too demanding and the loss of control over the vehicle is quite likely without ITS or a system for assistance that eliminate or reduce the effects of distraction. The role of the human factor is not the same in behaviourist and in cognitive study approach, but it needs to be said that in all branches of traffic the human factor is dominant in all behaviourist investigations of the objective risk.
Traffic environment and vehicle (cabin controls), according to the dynamic open Fuller’s TCI model (task – capability interface), impact the task difficulty during vehicle operation. The difficulty of the task and the cognitive load on the operator during operation can be programmed by a correct design of controls placing all frequently used commands on the control board, and by taking into consideration the reach of the arms and the biachromial span. Of utmost essence is a correct grouping and placement of speed commands, since the difficulty of the task in the TCI model is predominantly in correlation with the speed change by the human factor. Dominant and important subjective distractions of the cognitive perception were determined for the male tram operators in Sarajevo using the numerical parameters Iv, P(%) and ō, as the cognitive load of the operators is one of the factors in changed perception-response time PRT. The role of the human factor in distractions is related to the circumstances such as work and rest, and it has been proven that in cognitive approach this role is not dominant when compared to the impact of traffic environment and means of traffic.
Ključne riječi
tram operators; dominant and important factors of distraction; role of the human factor; task difficulty; perception-response time
Hrčak ID:
123974
URI
Datum izdavanja:
2.7.2014.
Posjeta: 1.475 *