Review article

TWENTY YEARS OF GENETIC MODIFICATIONS IN FORESTRY

Maja Popović ; Croatian forest research institute
Mladen Ivanković ; Croatian forest research institute
Saša Bogdan ; Faculty of forestry University of Zagreb
Gilles Pilate ; National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA), Orleans, France

Abstract

Genetic modification, genetic transformation or genetic engineering are synonyms for technique that permits adding desirable traits into superior genotypes by gene insertion between different species, families and even kingdoms which dose not occur in nature. On the
other hand, traditional breeding relies primarily on selection and crosses within species or within closely related genera which exist in nature, to emphasize certain characteristics. But this method has no control over additional genetic material being incorporated within desired phenotype. Genetic modification is defined as use of recombinant DNA and asexual gene transfer methods to alter the structure or expression of specific genes and traits (FAO, 2004).
The first report of genetic modified trees was in 1987 on Populus sp. (Fillati et al. 1987). For the first time it was successfully regenerated transformed tissue of forest tree species. Applications
of genetic modification in forest tree species include lignin modification, herbicide tolerance, disease and pest resistance and flowering control, so called target traits. Besides genetic modification techniques, field trial experiments are also very important
step in genetic transformation. After first successful regeneration of transformed tissue, in the next 15 years more than 210 field trials of genetically modified trees were established in 16 countries worldwide. The great majority of field trial experiments occur in the United States
(FAO, 2004). According to the newest assessment there are over 600 field trials with genetically modified trees in the world (Strauss, IUFRO Conference 2011). But there are hardly any commercial use of genetic modified forest trees. The rapid development of genetic engineering it will attempt to meet global demand for forest products, biofuels, to restore threatened species, and to protect future forests from invasive pests and climate change. When used responsibly,
society and the environment can benefit from advanced biotechnology (Anon. 2010). There is no indication for using biotechnology or genetic modification in Croatian forestry. But gathering existing knowledge and capacity building can only contribute for implementation of world knowledge into national legislation, and prepare experts for future development.

Keywords

genetic modification; genetic transformation; genetic engineering; biotechnology; traditional breeding; target traits; field trials

Hrčak ID:

129279

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/129279

Publication date:

1.3.2014.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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