Original scientific paper
Metaphors about Violence by Preservice Teachers
Nilüfer Özabaci
; »Eskişehir Osmangazi« University, School of Education Guidance and Counselling, Eskişehir, Turkey
Zülal Erkan
; Mersin University, School of Education Guidance and Counselling Department, Mersin, Turkey
Abstract
Violence consists of a pattern of coercive behaviors used by a competent adult or adolescent to establish and maintain
power and control over another competent adult or adolescent. These behaviors, which can occur alone or in combination,
sporadically or continually, include physical violence, psychological abuse, talking, and nonconsensual sexual behavior.
Research indicates that different types of violence are used as a means of enforcing discipline in the family and the school
context. Children and adolescents who grow up in an environment where violence has a natural place tend to resort to
violence at every stage of their lives without question. The aim of this research was therefore to preservice teachers’ perception
of the concept of violence through the use of metaphors. Accordingly, answers to the following questions were sought:
What metaphors do the youth use to describe the concept of violence? Under which conceptual categories can these metaphors
be grouped in terms of their common features? How do the conceptual categories vary in relation to the students’
gender and the subjects they study at university? The study was conducted in 2009 with the help of 303 students at Mersin
University and Eskişehir Osmangazi University (Faculty of Education). Incomplete statements such as »Violence is
like..., because...« were used in an attempt to understand the students’ perception of violence. The students were given
questionnaire to complete the statements. Demographic questions were also asked on the students’ age, gender and departments.
The data were analyzed through qualitative analysis, and processes such as frequency distribution and quantitative
correlation data were evaluated through SPSS data analysis. It emerged that the students used 74 metaphors of violence
that could be divided into seven categories: (1) Violence as a way of controlling others; 2) Violence as part of social
and affective life; (3) Violence as devastation; (4) Violence as learned helplessness; (5) Violence as a consequence of poor
communication; (6) Violence as a phenomenon with psychological and physical effects; (7) Violence as a state of mind with
long-term ongoing effects. The fi ndings on these categories are presented and recommendations made. The analysis of the
research results according to the students’ departments indicated that the metaphors describing violence were grouped
mainly under the theme (category) of »Violence as a way of controlling others«. As the students in these fi elds of study
received an education focused more on concrete and precise facts, they tended to perceive violence in a more conceptual
way.
Keywords
violence; metaphor; teacher; rough stuff
Hrčak ID:
147714
URI
Publication date:
30.3.2015.
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