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THE SCULPTOR BELTRAND GALLICUS IN DUBROVNIK PARTICIPANT IN THE CONSACRATION OF DUBROVNIK ABOUT 1520
Igor Fisković
; Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
Sažetak
The sculptor Beltrand Gallicus, as archives record, is the author of the monumental relief raised high on the north facade facing the yard of Divona Palace of Dubrovnik. The relief represents two hovering angels upholding an elaborate wreath with Christ's Signum. This classic composition also contains a Latin inscription on a separate stone plate praising Christ's name and praying for the well-being of the city in the year of our Lord 1520. At the bottom are the initials of Elio Lampridio Crijevia, the Dubrovnik humanist educated in Rome where he earned the title of poeta laureatus in 1484. The author investigates the origin of the motif in Late Classical sculpture and explains its historical appropriatness by an earthquake which caused considerable damage on the day of Christ's Ascension in 1520. He also analyzes the style of the French sculptor Beltrand Gallicus, who is completely unknown outside Dubrovnik, attributing to him for the first time also the large statue of Saint Blaise, the patron of the Dubrovnik Republic, in the niche of the main facade. The author is aware of the evident morphological differences between the two works, but argues that these resulted from thematic differences. Working on a conventional project - the statue of a saintly bishop — the sculptor showed a measure of extravagance unknown in Croatian sculpture of that time, but close to early sixteenth century French sculpture to which our sculptor, also called Boltranius Francigena, belonged. On the other hand, the classicist aura of the relief is interpreted by the author as an effort to follow the models taken from Late Classical sculpture. One of these included the iconography of the catholic medallion of Saint Bernardinus reintroduced in the mid-fifteenth century. The inspiration for this motif is further attributed to Crijevia, the well-known Dubrovnik poet and excellent Latinist who had been a member of Pomponio Leto's Academy on the Quirinal in Rome and had proved his classical excellence in several works. This study is also the first to consider the entire iconographic repertoire of Divona Palace whose construction began in 1516 after plans by Paskoje Milićević the civic architect who had proved his excellence on various previous projects. This richly decorated Gothic-Renaissance building was to be the city's treasury, mint and warehouse of specially valuable merchandise, including a public school and library. All of these functions were registered on inscriptions carved in appropriate places testifying to the initial concept of this building as a kind of temple of trade, dedicated to the progress and well-being of the city of Dubrovnik. The Divona was built at a period of increasing Turkish threat and immediately after a strong earthquake, and these facts were reflected in the iconography of the sculptural decor and the main inscription in the cortile (atrium). Thus the Divona is the point of contact of a foreign sculptor, a learned poet, outstanding architect and a number of able masons from the shop owned by the Andrijić brothers. The author also follows their individual careers with special reference to activities and monuments which put them into historical relation. Thus the paper is an attempt to round o the original consacratio urbis around 1525 which was performed in the hope of protecting the city from all dangers, translating into artistic form some of the general cultural trends present in Europe at that time, in which Dubrovnik participated as an equal partner.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
153828
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.12.1994.
Posjeta: 1.560 *