Pregledni rad
Health effect assessment of vinyl chloride in the environment
D. Kello
; Fogarty International Center, NIH, U. S. Department of Health, Education and W elfare i Environmental Criteria Assessment Office, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA
J.F. Stara
; Fogarty International Center, NIH, U. S. Department of Health, Education and W elfare i Environmental Criteria Assessment Office, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, USA
Sažetak
The first four cases of liver angiosarcoma in workers employed in a vinyl chloride plant were reported in 1974. This initial report attracted worldwide attention. It spurred a flurry of retrospective epidemiologic investigations of workers in the vinyl chloride industry, and led to a classical pharrnacokinetic and toxicologic studies in animals. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the large volume of published literature on the exposure, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of vinyl chloride. Inhalation of vinyl chloride is the principal route of exposure to people working in or living near vinyl chloride industries, as this compound is a gas at normal atmospheric temperatures and pressures. The average exposure of a person chosen at random living within a 5-mile radius from vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride plants was calculated to be 17 ppb. It is considered that the exposure levels and associated risk to man from vinyl chloride contaminated water supplies or food is small in comparison to exposure by inhalation. Vinyl chloride is rapidly absorbed through the lungs. Its fate and absorption after oral administration are consistent with observations derived from inhalation studies. It ds extensively metabolized and the metabolic pathway appears to be saturable by exposures to concentrations exceeding 220 ppm. The excretion of vinyl chloride or its metabolites is rapid. The predominant route of excretion for non-metabolized vinyl chloride is through the lungs (at higher levels of exposure), and for its metabolites in the urine, Tumors at multiple and diverse sites have been observed in all species of experimental animals tested for carcinogenicity by inhalation and ingestion of vinyl chloride. Liver angiosarcoma have been observed in two species of experimental animals after inhalation exposure to vinyl chloride, at the lowest dose tested, 50 ppm, and after exposure by ingestion, at 16 mg/kg. In this paper special attention is given to the human health risk assessment associated with vinyl chloride contaminated environment.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
161218
URI
Datum izdavanja:
18.3.1980.
Posjeta: 861 *