Ostalo
Integration of museology and immaterial heritage versus traditional museum
Ivo Maroević
; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Filozofski fakultet
Sažetak
Immaterial heritage has for longer time been of special interest concerning its preservation and protection. It has specific quality, it is present in many social classes within culture and very often it defines differences between cultures and peoples. Abundance of immaterial culture is a part of cultural heritage of a certain society. Thus, the interest in immaterial culture seems to be justified. And it refers to both; culture presented in museums and culture museology dealt with outside museum.
Museology, in its way, connects material and immaterial heritage. It tries to explain human activities, history and art by means of objects of material culture which accept, have and deliver meaning and messages attached to them by people.
In fact, immaterial heritage is only indirectly connected with the material world. That refers to rituals, customs, beliefs, culture of living, social behaviour, clothing, eating habits and many other features of social life. But, there are also many other activities closely connected with material culture such as processing and production of material objects, housing, buildings, towns or - in one word - technology. To widen the aspect of understanding the immaterial heritage we have to add music, dance, tradition, rhetoric, theater performance. The entire European museum tradition is based upon evaluation and collecting of material culture in the most extended sense. In the 19th century, and in the 20th in particular, Europe offered its concepts of museum and relations between material and immaterial culture. That European orientation was applied in other parts of the world, but it and was constantly being rejected by local cultures. On the other hand, the European concept of exhibiting the material world in museums faced a dilemma in the countries that had culture different from the European one. On principle, immaterial heritage can meet criteria of preservation, research and communication in museum, but the ways of communication differ from those applied when dealing with material heritage. The study of immaterial heritage forms is basically the same as the study of material culture. Communication of immaterial
heritage widens dimensions and forms of former communication praxis in museums.
Widening of the term museum to collecting, preservation, study and communication of immaterial heritage has turned over a new leaf in the history of museum. In that way relations between museums will not significantly improve. Following the process of the development of human society more attention will be paid to interpretation of the preserved part of material world and in such a way more of the immaterial culture will be exhibited. Consequently, a great part of the immaterial world is going to be interpreted by means of objects of the material world. In the process of globalisation, individualization of cultures by connecting the material and immaterial will lessen tendency towards universal world. Special qualities will, transformed into media, gradually change the idea of the world as a whole.
In the future museums will initiate integration of the material and immaterial heritage. The immaterial heritage will find enough places in the museum for presentation and preservation but it will also be challenged to connect tightly with material heritage. The world of objects is not going to be only the means of forwarding messages from the past, but also a motive to add incentive and messages of immaterial heritage to material culture in order to make it possible for the mankind to develop for tolerance and appreciation of everyone's right to his own heritage.
Immaterial heritage enters the world of museums gradually. However, dimensions of our activity to protect it and communicate through it are to be developed. First of all, a lot has to be done to accept the concept that immaterial heritage could also be preserved and protected in the museum and it is necessary to develop methods and ways of collecting, protection and preservation. The new millennium has initiated new processes in the museum world among which this one of immaterial heritage is very stimulating and far-reaching for both theory and praxis. On the other hand, museology opens a new chapter of looking at the heritage in general.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
164465
URI
Datum izdavanja:
5.12.2002.
Posjeta: 1.116 *