Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.3325/cmj.2016.57.29
Zagreb Amblyopia Preschool Screening Study: near and distance visual acuity testing increase the diagnostic accuracy of screening for amblyopia
Mladen Bušić
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Mirjana Bjeloš
; Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek Osijek, Croatia
Mladen Petrovečki
; Dubrava University Hospital Zagreb, Croatia
Biljana Kuzmanović Elabjer
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Damir Bosnar
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Senad Ramić
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Daliborka Miletić
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Lidija Andrijašević
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Edita Kondža Krstonijević
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Vid Jakovljević
; Polyclinic “Ghetaldus,” Zagreb, Croatia
Ana Bišćan Tvrdi
; Polyclinic “Medikol,” Zagreb, Croatia
Jurica Predović
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Antonio Kokot
; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
Filip Bišćan
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Mirna Kovačević Ljubić
; Department of Ophthalmology General Hospital Zabok, Zabok, Croatia
Ranka Motušić Aras
; University Eye Clinic, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
Aim To present and evaluate a new screening protocol for
amblyopia in preschool children.
Methods Zagreb Amblyopia Preschool Screening (ZAPS)
study protocol performed screening for amblyopia by
near and distance visual acuity (VA) testing of 15 648 children
aged 48-54 months attending kindergartens in the
City of Zagreb County between September 2011 and
June 2014 using Lea Symbols in lines test. If VA in either
eye was >0.1 logMAR, the child was re-tested, if failed at
re-test, the child was referred to comprehensive eye examination
at the Eye Clinic.
Results 78.04% of children passed the screening test. Estimated
prevalence of amblyopia was 8.08%. Testability,
sensitivity, and specificity of the ZAPS study protocol were
99.19%, 100.00%, and 96.68% respectively.
Conclusion The ZAPS study used the most discriminative
VA test with optotypes in lines as they do not underestimate
amblyopia. The estimated prevalence of amblyopia
was considerably higher than reported elsewhere. To the
best of our knowledge, the ZAPS study protocol reached
the highest sensitivity and specificity when evaluating diagnostic
accuracy of VA tests for screening. The pass level
defined at ≤0.1 logMAR for 4-year-old children, using Lea
Symbols in lines missed no amblyopia cases, advocating
that both near and distance VA testing should be performed
when screening for amblyopia.
Keywords
Hrčak ID:
169151
URI
Publication date:
15.2.2016.
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