Pregledni rad

Klara Barić orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-8954 ; Agronomski fakultet Zagreb, Zavod za herbologiju
Zvonimir Ostojić orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-8954 ; Agronomski fakultet Zagreb, Zavod za herbologiju
Maja Šćepanović orcid.org/0000-0003-4661-5417 ; Agronomski fakultet Zagreb, Zavod za herbologiju

Sažetak

Weeds cause significant loss to agricultural as well as non –agricultural ecosystems. In a review of crop losses due to pests, it was stated that overall weeds produced the highest potential loss (34%), with animal pest and pathogens being less important (losses of 18% and 16%) (Öerke, 2005). Herbicides accounted for 46% of the global pesticides sales (insecticides 26% and fungicides 23%). The availability and acceptance of highly effective, selective and inexpensive herbicides, shifted the focus of weed management from non-chemical options, which has been practiced for centuries, to weed control using herbicides. An over-reliance on herbicide use led to the widespread development of herbicide-resistant weeds and concerns about potential negative effects on human health and the environment. One of the most effective ways one can respond to these concerns is by adopting integrated pest management (IPM) techniques on farms. The adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) is the main pillar of the strategy to decrease pesticide use while maintaining or expanding present levels of food production. There are insufficient IPM component technologies and systems available to farmers which offer practical and economically viable alternatives (van Emden, 2002).

Within Integrated weed management systems non-chemical weed control measures begun to regain its importance in recent years. Non chemical options include: preventive strategies, soil seed bank, monitoring, cultural weed control, options (crop rotation, cover crop, intercropping, crop cultivar, seed quality, delayed or early seeding, depth of the seeding and planting density), mechanical weed management, biological control, mulches (nonliving and living), allelopathic interaction and solarization. IWM does not exclude chemical weed control compared with herbicides non-chemical methods tend to be less effective, more variable, more expensive, may not reduce the requirement for herbicides may have adverse environmental implications and are often more complex to manage. An integrated weed management (IWM) strategy involves selection, integration and implementation of weed management options leased on economic, ecological and social principles.
IWM involves a holistic consideration of weeds in a complex ecosystem. The development of an IWM strategy requires a sound knowledge of the biology and ecology of the weeds involved tools of weed management as well as out-of-the-box thinking to develop natural regulation forces (Upadhyaya and Bloskhow 2007).

Ključne riječi

weeds; integrated management; measures; principles

Hrčak ID:

169297

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/169297

Datum izdavanja:

1.9.2014.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 5.779 *