Pregledni rad
https://doi.org/10.21857/yq32oh4579
Animal influenza outbreaks in Croatia: A review on the occasion of centenary of the 1918 influenza pandemic
Josip Madić
; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Ljubo Barbić
; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Vladimir Savić
; Poultry Centre, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
Sažetak
Influenza is an important respiratory disease of human beings and different animal species caused by influenza viruses belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, which comprises four genera (Influenzavirus A, B, C and D). In an introductory overview a brief historical review of the main pandemics of influenza A in humans worldwide is given. Spanish, Asian, Hong Kong, Russian influenza and North American swine influenza, as well as infections caused by the recently occurring influenza D virus, are briefly described. Aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of influenza A viruses worldwide, and harbour viruses with all possible combinations of 16 haemagglutinin (HA) and 9 neuraminidase (NA) subtypes. The crossing of the species barrier by avian influenza viruses is presented. A previous review on the zoonotic nature of influenza viruses was published in Croatia in 1982. Outbreaks of equine, swine and avian influenza have been described in Croatia. HI antibodies to A/swine/Texas/4199/1998 (H3N2) were detected in dog sera. Epizootics of equine influenza caused by H7N7 and H3N8 subtypes have been known in Croatia for 80 years. Recent outbreaks showed an antigenic drift of the viruses involved. American lineage H3N8 was detected. The last serological evidence worldwide of A/equine H7N7 was reported from Croatia. New outbreaks of H3N8 were likely the result of vaccine failure. Serological examination of domestic pigs has revealed the prevalence of the H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. Tested feral pigs were serologically positive to H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes. Recent clinical outbreaks of swine influenza caused by the H1N1 subtype were documented by immunohistochemistry, nucleic acid detection and virus isolation. Avian influenza had no impact on poultry production in Croatia until late 2005 when a highly pathogenic zoonotic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype was detected in wild birds in eastern Croatia. The multiple introduction of the Asian HPAI H5N1 virus into Croatia by wild birds was documented. From October 2016 until March 2017, 19 outbreaks of HPAI H5N8 were detected in Croatia, 16 in wild birds and three in poultry. The new H5N5 reassortant virus was introduced from Asia. Avian influenza virus of H16 subtype was isolated from black-headed gulls.
Ključne riječi
influenza; epidemiology; horses; pigs; birds; dogs; Croatia
Hrčak ID:
201075
URI
Datum izdavanja:
13.6.2018.
Posjeta: 1.635 *