Pregledni rad
Two incinerary graves from Batina
Domagoj Dujmić
; Arheološki muzej Osijek, Osijek, Hrvatska
Sažetak
There is an archaeological site Gradac and Sredno in Batina that abounds in surface finds of pre-historic ceramic, ancient building material and ceramic, as well as in mediaeval finds (fig. 1 and 1 a). The research to date have established continuous settling on Gradac starting from the bronze age until late Roman empire indicating the existence of the finds of the Neolithic Lengyel culture and Eneolithic Vucedol culture as well as of sporadic mediaeval finds. This great archaeological complex has a very rich research history. It was only in 1970 that systematic archaeological research, unfortunately unpublished, was carried out by the Museum of Slavonia, Archaeological Museum in Zagreb and the Smithsonnian Institute Washington D.C. whereas protective research, probing research and archaeological survey have been done about ten times since the end of the 19th century. The finds from Batina are kept in Vienna, Budapest, Berlin, Sombor, Subotica, Keszthely and Pecs, as well as in Zagreb and Osijek.
Archaeological supervision within the project of the pipeline construction work of the water tank «Batina-Dom batinske bitke» was carried out from 5th to 23rd June 2009 by the Archaeological Museum of Osijek at the area of protected and registered archaeological site registered in the Records of the cultural monuments under the register number 231/1972.
Grave 1 (T.I:1) was situated next to the road on cadastral plot number 1458/2 on the rim of the mild elevation resembling a tumul (fig. 2 and 3) and was completely devastated. It contained urn fragments of gray-black colour, with a funnel-shaped neck changing into a mildly flattened bulge from which it is separated only by a slighly concaved line. The bottom and the rim of the urn have not been preserved. The only ornament is a double sequence of probably four loopers, symmetrically set under and over the widest part of the bulge. Several fragments of gray, badly baked vessel with extremely uncovered rim, a small pottery biconic pearl with a wide hole for a string and fragments of burnt bones. The urn type from the grave 1 originates from an older urn field culture of Central European area both in the western group of Knovize, Milavče and Hottin cultures and southern group of the middle Danube basin area the Baierdorf-Velatice culture group and are characteristic for Dalj group urn field culture i.e. for its phase V according to Ksenija Vinski Gasparini, i.e. cera¬mic horizon Illb according to Carola Metzner-Nebelsick and can be dated in Ha C stage of Central European chronology.
The urn that most resembles ours can be found in the urn from the grave 3/1909 from the necropolis Dalj-Busija, Erdut.
Grave 2 (T.II: 1) was situated in the approach cutting for construction of water tank «Batina» on cadastral plot nr. 1465/2, some two hundred meters south to the grave 1 and was also devastated during the construction work (fig. 4). Approximately one half of the grave was excavated by a machine and transported mixed with earth whe¬reas the other half remained almost intact in the profile of the excavation (fig. 5). The grave bottom was 60 cm deeper than the current ground level.
It contains an urn of spotted brown colour, uncovered rim, funnel-shaped neck, wide rounded bulge that gradually narrows and passes into the even cut bottom, a bico¬nic vessel of S profilation with an uncovered rim and low funnel-shaped neck that is clearly separated from the low almost flattened body by a single flute. Inside the vessel the rim is ornamented with metope of vertical fluting. It is of the identical co¬lour and structure as the urn. The bottom of the vessel once had a stem that was not preserved (T.III:1). The fragments of grey, fine polished cantharos with a cylindric neck with band-shaped handles (T.VI:3), numerous fragments of shallow, conic vessel of the indented rim of red-brown colour and fragments of burnt bones were also found in the grave. The urn type from the grave 2 resembles the urn in the first grave and can be dated back in the phase IV of the urn field culture but slighly older and can be classified into the earlier Ha B stage. The closest analogies for this urn are also those from the Dalj necropolis i.e. the graves 8/1910 and 98/1909 and an urn from Batina that was found out of context is kept in the museum in Keszthely and our urn stands in size between the two urns from Dalj. The vessel with an uncovered rim is an integral inventory of the phase IY; grave units from Vukovar indicate that this type continued throughout the entire Ha B stage and also outside the time framework of the urn field culture until the Ha C stage. The most similar vessel to ours is the one from the tumulus 2. Basarabi necropolis. The vessel of the indented rim can be traced as the most frequent shape of the vessel in settlements and graves by type and chronologically from the late culture of grave-mounds, over the entire period of urn field culture until the Ha C on a wider area and in different cultural groups. Cantharos is a standard grave inventory of the Dalj group of urn field culture and appears in numerous variations in Dalj necropolis but for the deficiency of our sample it would be very difficult to define it more closely by type and chronologically.
Ključne riječi
Hrčak ID:
206920
URI
Datum izdavanja:
20.12.2011.
Posjeta: 821 *