Pregledni rad

3R Principle for the welfare protection of animals used for scientific purposes - yesterday, today, tomorrow

Gordana Gregurić Gračner ; Veterinarski fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Nataša Lončarić ; Uprava za veterinarstvo i sigurnost hrane, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Jadranka Bubić Špoljar ; Medicinski fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Alenka Dovč ; Veterinarski fakultet Univerzitet u Ljubljani, Ljubljana, Slovenija
Klara Fuš ; Veterinarski fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Damjan Gračner ; Veterinarski fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Željko Pavičić ; Veterinarski fakultet, Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Sažetak

The first written evidence of the use of animals in experiments originated in the Ancient world. Until the discovery of anaesthetics, experimental animals experienced unimaginable suffering. The first act prohibiting cruelty to animals was passed by the British Parliament in 1876. In the mid-20th century, scientists Russell and Burch in their work The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique laid the foundations of a new applied science discipline aimed at improving procedures in working with laboratory animals, while also contributing to the quality of the scientific work in which these animals were used. The analysis of methods to exclude inhumane treatment of animals in experiments resulted in the creation of the concept of the 3R Principle: Replacement, Reduction and Refinement, with the ultimate goal contained in a single word ‒ humaneness. With the development of science, technology, and the evolution of consciousness within the sciences and the general public, the 3R Principle has evolved rapidly, and today has been expanded into the 11R principle, in which Reliability, Relevance Reproducibility, Rehabilitation,
Responsibility, Respect, Redundancy avoidance, and Regulation were added to the original 3R principles. Over the past 50 years, the 3R principle has developing into a framework for performing experimental techniques on animals, and for the first time the Principles of Replacement, Reduction and Refinement have been introduced into the European Union legislation through Directive 2010/63/EU. In 2010, the Basel Declaration was adopted, aiming to unite the efforts of the scientific community with the goal for further improvement of the application of ethical principles such as the 3R principles in animal experiments with the aim of achieving positive dialogue between the scientific community and the interested public. Today, the project “European Responsibility Research and Innovation” (RRI) within the European framework programme Horizon 2020 encourages co-operation and dialogue among researchers, citizens, politicians, and others throughout the research process, to better align this process and its outcomes with the values, needs and expectations of society.

Ključne riječi

3R principle; experimental animals; laboratory animals; welfare

Hrčak ID:

223369

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/223369

Datum izdavanja:

1.2.2019.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 2.447 *