Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1689837
Self-employment and unemployment relationship in Romania – Insights by age, education and gender
Adriana Grigorescu
Speranta Pîrciog
Cristina Lincaru
Sažetak
We check on the short term if self-employment in Romania influences
unemployment and vice versa. Age, education and gender
characteristics treat both variables, and self-employment considers
both cases with and without employees. The objective is to look
at the job creation and unemployment reduction in quarterly variation
during the 1999Q1–2017Q3 period. On autoregressive models,
we apply the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) procedure, detailed
by Giles (2011), to assess for Granger Causality. We found for
unemployment rates a push effect in the self-employment rate
for adults and youth with low education level to self-employment
without employees’ rate for adults and self-employment with
employees’ rate for old adults. We establish a ‘Schumpeter’ effect
for the adult with a low level of education self-employment to
unemployment, for adults’ males with tertiary education and selfemployed,
and older adults self-employed without employees to
unemployment. We conclude that unemployment work as an
inclusion mechanism for some vulnerable groups but inefficient
for others. Self-employment with employees is less diversified,
indicating a high-risk aversion and low start-up effect. In general,
the labour market presents a unidirectional flexibility effect
Ključne riječi
self-employment; employee’s rate; entrepreneurship; sustainability; labour market effects
Hrčak ID:
254612
URI
Datum izdavanja:
9.2.2021.
Posjeta: 1.036 *