Pregledni rad

Extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli

Lana Hadžić ; Laboratorij za mikrobiologiju hrane, vode i hrane za životinje, J.U. „Veterinarski zavod“ Bihać
Branka Šeol Martinec ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska
Selma Pintarić orcid.org/0000-0002-1687-9158 ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Sažetak

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium found in the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals and humans as part of the normal intestinal microbiota, but is also one of the most common causes of bacterial infections in human and veterinary medicine. Because of their broad spectrum and low toxicity, beta-lactam antimicrobials are currently the most widely used class of antibacterial agents for the treatment of infections caused by E. coli strains. However, the widespread and often inappropriate use of antimicrobials has led to the emergence of resistant bacterial isolates. The predominant mechanism of β-lactam resistance in E. coli is the production of β-lactamases, which inactivate antibiotics by hydrolysis of the β-lactam ring. To date, many different β-lactamases have been detected, with extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) being the most important. ESBLs are enzymes capable of hydrolyzing penicillins, cephalosporins, and monobactams, but not cephamycins or carbapenems, and are inhibited by β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. The predominant and clinically the most important ESBLs belong to the CTX-M family, followed by the TEM and SHV families, which are found throughout the world. ESBLs are often encoded by genes located on plasmids, allowing them to spread among bacteria, and they also carry genes for resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents, making bacterial strains multidrug resistant. Due to the limited therapeutic options and the risks associated with the acquisition of new resistance mechanisms, ESBL-producing strains pose a major challenge to microbiologists and clinical therapists. Therefore, laboratory detection of resistant strains is of great importance prior to the use of an antimicrobial agent in human and veterinary medicine. Moreover, continuous education emphasizing the rational use of antibiotics
is necessary to prevent the spread of resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Ključne riječi

Escherichia coli; antimicrobial resistance; β-lactamases; ESBLs

Hrčak ID:

263645

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/263645

Datum izdavanja:

12.9.2021.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 2.139 *