Veterinarska stanica, Vol. 53 No. 5, 2022.
Pregledni rad
https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.5.8
Canine hyperadrenocorticism (Part I: Definition, clinical signs and laboratory findings)
Ivana Kiš
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Mirna Brkljačić
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Anđela Krizman
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Vesna Matijatko
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Gabrijela Jurkić Krsteska
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Maša Efendić
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Nikica Prvanović Babić
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Dalibor Potočnjak
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Nada Kučer
; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Sažetak
Naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (HAC), often referred to as Cushing’s syndrome, is one of the most common endocrinopathies in dogs characterised by clinical and clinoco-pathological manifestations of chronically increased concentration of circulating cortisol. The disease can be the consequence of excessive glucocorticoid administration, i.e., iatrogenic, due to therapy of immune-mediated or allergic diseases. Naturally occurring disease is caused by either pituitary disease (pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism: PDH) producing increased amounts of ACTH, or by a cortisol-secreting adrenal tumour (adrenal dependent hyperadrenocorticism: ADH). Rare causes of HAC are food-dependent cortisol secretion and ectopic ACTH production. Hyperadrenocorticism is a disease of adult and old dogs, with a median of 7–9 years. There is no obvious sex-related predisposition, although there may be a mild predisposition for ADH in female dogs. HAC has been reported in many breeds. PDH is more frequently diagnosed in smaller dog breeds, with most (75%) patients weighing less than 20 kg, whereas about 50% of dogs with ADH weigh more than 20 kg. The most commonly affected breeds are: various Terrier breeds, all Poodle breeds, Dachshunds, Beagles, Bichon Frisé, Standard Schnauzers, Fox Terriers, German Shepherds, Labrador Retrievers, Australian Shepherds, Boxers and Boston Terriers. The most common clinical signs are polyuria and polydipsia, polyphagia, weight gain, abdominal enlargement, endocrine alopecia, muscle weakness and/or panting. Less common clinical signs are: liver enlargement, lethargy, exercise intolerance, persistent anoestrus or testicular atrophy, myotonia, hypertensive retinopathy and/ or neurological signs. Along with bilaterally symmetrical nonpruritic truncal alopecia, common dermatological signs are thin skin, loss of elasticity, skin bruising, comedones, striae, calcinosis cutis and slow wound healing. The most consistent haematology laboratory findings in decreasing order are: stress leucogram with lymphopenia and eosinopenia, mild to moderate neutrophilia and/or monocytosis, mild polycythaemia and/or thrombocytosis. The most consistent biochemical findings in decreasing order are: increased alkaline phosphatase activity, increased cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, mild hyperglycaemia and increased alanine aminotransferase activity. Urinalysis usually reveals low specific gravity of urine (hypostenuria) and proteinuria, if the dogs have concurrent diabetes mellitus, glucosuria is present, and dogs with HAC can have urinary tract infections without signs of inflammation. The greater the number of present clinical symptoms and laboratory changes, the stronger the suspicion of HAC and therefore the need to proceed with diagnostics.
Ključne riječi
hyperadrenocorticism; dog; clinical manifestations; laboratory findings
Hrčak ID:
265224
URI
Datum izdavanja:
20.12.2021.
Posjeta: 1.850 *