Pregledni rad
Acetysalicylic acid (ASA) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) for prevention of thrombosis and cancer
Miroslav Banović
; University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia
Irena Veliki
; University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia
Mladen Stanec
; University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia
Miroslav Lesar
; University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb, Croatia
Sažetak
A trend towards a reduced risk of thrombosis and cancer has been observed among people taking acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or any of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). ASA is the active substance in both German Aspirin and Croatian Andol. The key action of these drugs is that they block cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes catalyzing the conversion of arachidonic acid (ADA) to prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxanes (TXA). ADA metabolites are associated with inflammatory process, thrombosis, carcinogenesis and tumor growth. Increased expression of COX-2 has been observed in both inflammations and tumors including: head and neck tumors, tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, oropharyngeal leukoplakia, premalignant oral lesions, pancreatic, esophageal, gastric and skin cancer, melanoma, prostate, urinary bladder, lung, ovarian and cervical cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, etc. ASA and NSAID act preventively at the COX level and reduce the occurrence and growth of tumors, enhancing the radio- and chemotherapy effect on tumor. Besides at the COX level, ASA/NSAID also show antitumor activity at other levels acting as inhibitors of: aromatase gene, transforming growth factor- (TGF-), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), activator protein-1 (AP-1), serine kinase IKK-, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PA), mitogen-activated protein p38 (p38 MAP) activation, etc. In addition, ASA/NSAIDs are efficient in other diseases including: infections, rheumatism, diabetes mellitus, blood vessel diseases, hypertension, eclampsia, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. To reduce the occurrence of cancer, the World Health Organisation promotes decreased body mass, increased physical activity and plant-based diet, which contains fewer calories, abounds in cellulose fibers, vitamins and ASA. Exceeding the recommended dose of ASA may cause serious side effects. On the other hand, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), shown to successfully treat gastrointestinal inflammations (GIT) and reduce risk of tumor occurrence causes less adverse side effects. Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) and nitric oxide donating NSAID (NO-NSAID) do not cause damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa, and they are very successful in the treatment of inflammation and prevention of intestinal and other cancers. Under medical supervision, low doses of ASA / NSAID are recommended to be taken daily for cancer prevention, then after cancer surgery and during chemotherapy and radiotherapy to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and thrombosis.
Ključne riječi
acetylsalicylic acid (ASA); nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA); nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA); nitric oxide-donating NSAID (NO-NSAID); cyclooxygenase (COX); arachidonic acid (ADA); prostaglandins (PG); thromboxanes (TXA); cancer; thrombosis
Hrčak ID:
281549
URI
Datum izdavanja:
30.11.2005.
Posjeta: 627 *