Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.34075/cs.57.3.4
Metaphysics of Essence or Metaphysics of Being? The Focal 13th Century Metaphysical Doubt
Hrvoje Relja
; Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu, Split, Hrvatska
Sažetak
The root of philosophical disagreements in the 13th century arises from two types of metaphysics: the metaphysics of essence and the metaphysics of being, that is, their two ways of understanding being. These two types of metaphysics characterize the two dominant philosophical schools of the 13th century, Dominican and Franciscan. The main representative of the Dominican school is Saint Thomas Aquinas, withal the originator of the metaphysics of being, and the Franciscan school is represented by Saint Bonaventure and Blessed Duns Scotus with two basic metaphysics of essence. Starting from Aquinas, Bonaventure and Duns Scotus' way of understanding being and its beginnings, the paper derives their answer to six basic metaphysical questions: What is the metaphysical structure of being like? What is the ultimate reality of being? How to explain the absolute simplicity of God and the complexity of the created? Is being analogous or univocal? How are essences individualized?
The paper tried to show through a metaphysical analysis that the positions of the Franciscan thinkers, although they stop at a shallower level of observation of being, the one where being in itself is always some kind of specified being; nevertheless, by introducing the concept of existence, they manage to create a model that successfully metaphysically describes the creation of being. But the Franciscan thinkers fail to express the real metaphysical structure of being, while the metaphysics of being of St. Thomas Aquinas is recognized as the metaphysics that grasps and expresses the existence of being in its originality and thus truly explains the metaphysical structure of being.
Ključne riječi
metaphysics of being; metaphysics of essence; metaphysics of Thomas Aquinas; metaphysics of Bonaventure; metaphysics of Duns Scotus
Hrčak ID:
281811
URI
Datum izdavanja:
26.9.2022.
Posjeta: 1.394 *