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Nafta i Plin, Vol. 45 No. 184.-185., 2025.

Stručni rad

Daily Injection Capacity Assessment of the North Adriatic Relatively Shallow Gas Depleted Reservoirs SJ-XY and SJ-Z CCS Injection System

Goran Lešković orcid id orcid.org/0009-0004-5927-0520 ; INA-Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb

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Sažetak

In the process of analysing the potential of shallow depleted gas reservoirs for permanent CO2 storage in the North Adriatic area, the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs were singled out as potentially suitable. For this reason, an assessment of the daily injection capacity of the system for permanent CO2 storage in targeted reservoirs was made.
The SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs are dry gas depleted, relatively shallow, approx. 600 m of vertical depth subsea level reservoirs with a strong water drive regime. It is estimated that the reservoir pressure is close to the initial one and is around 60 BARg. In order to assess the daily injection capacity of the offshore CCS system of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs, the injection possibilities of the system were analysed under the assumption that the existing, otherwise production infrastructure, will be utilized. The assessment of the daily inflow capacity of the CCS systems of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs was carried out with the help of a static IIM (without an active reservoir model) through eight possible scenarios classified into three groups A, B and C. The IIM is created utilizing software package IPM ver. 13.5 of Petroleum Experts. A graphic representation of the IIM interface of the CCS system of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs is shown in Figure 2.
Initially, an injectivity assessment and an analysis of the operational possibilities of the complete well fund was performed by utilising operating well envelopes. Operating well envelopes were created based on the results of the wells system analysis. Construction of operating well envelopes was carried out in accordance with the procedure presented in the literature: Lešković (2024). To calculate the injection characteristics of wells/reservoirs, typical values of effective permeability, thickness and other petrophysical parameters for reservoirs in the offshore location of the Northern Adriatic were taken. These values are based on actual petrophysical and hydrodynamic measurements carried out during the initial phase of gas production. The paper also presents an example of a comparative analysis of operating well envelopes for scenario group A.

Ključne riječi

daily CO2 injection capacity assessment; relatively shallow depleted gas reservoirs; well operating envelope; integrated injection model (IIM); carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Hrčak ID:

331880

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/331880

Datum izdavanja:

2.6.2025.

Podaci na drugim jezicima: hrvatski

Posjeta: 219 *

Publication date: 2 June 2025

Volume: 45

Issue: 184. - 185.

Pages: 60-75

DOI:

Article Information (continued)

Categories:

Subject: Stručni rad

Categories:

Subject: Professional Paper

Keywords:

Keyword: procjena dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta CO2

Keyword: relativno plitka iscrpljena ležišta plina

Keyword: operativna ovojnica bušotine

Keyword: integrirani injekcioni model (IIM)

Keyword: hvatanje i trajno skladištenje CO2 u geološke formacije

Keywords:

Keyword: daily CO2 injection capacity assessment

Keyword: relatively shallow depleted gas reservoirs

Keyword: well operating envelope

Keyword: integrated injection model (IIM)

Keyword: carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Procjena dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta sustava za trajno skladištenje CO2 u relativno plitka iscrpljena ležišta plina SJ-XY i SJ-Z lokaliteta Sjeverni Jadran

Translated Title (en): Daily Injection Capacity Assessment of the North Adriatic Relatively Shallow Gas Depleted Reservoirs SJ-XY and SJ-Z CCS Injection System

[ORCID] Goran Lešković[1]

Email: goran.leskovic@ina.hr

 

INA – Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb INA – Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb Av. Većeslava Holjevca 10, 10000, Zagreb

[ORCID] Goran Lešković[*][1]

 

INA – Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb INA – Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb Av. Većeslava Holjevca 10, 10000, Zagreb

Author notes:

Correspondence to: [*] Goran Lešković,INA – Industrija nafte, d.d., Zagreb,Av. Većeslava Holjevca 10, 10000, Zagreb goran.leskovic@ina.hr

Abstract

U procesu analize potencijala iscrpljenih plitkih ležišta plina za permanentno skladištenje CO2 na lokalitetu Sjeverni Jadran, ležišta SJ-XY i SJ-Z izdvojila su se kao potencijalno pogodna. Zbog toga je izvršena procjena dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta sustava za trajno skladištenje CO2 u predmetna ležišta. Ležišta SJ-XY i SJ-Z relativno su plitka, cca 600 m vertikalne dubine mjereno od razine mora, iscrpljena ležišta suhog plina sa snažno izraženim vodonapornim režimom. Procjenjuje se da je ležišni tlak blizak početnom i iznosi oko 60 BARg. U svrhu procjene dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta odobalnog CCS sustava ležišta SJ-XY i SJ-Z analizirane su injektivne mogućnosti istog pod pretpostavkom da će se postojeća, inače proizvodna infrastruktura, koristiti kao injekciona. Procjena dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta sustava izvršena je uz pomoć statičkog IIM-a (bez aktivnog ležišnog modela) kroz osam mogućih scenarija dnevnog utisa svrstanih u tri grupe A, B i C. Za izradu IIM-a korišten je softverski paket IPM ver. 13.5 tvrtke Petroleum Experts. Grafički prikaz sučelja IIM-a CCS sustava ležišta SJ-XY i SJ-Z prikazan je na Slika 2. Inicijalno je izvršena procjena injektivnosti i analiza operativnih mogućnosti kompletnog bušotinskog fonda pomoću operativnih ovojnica bušotina. Operativne ovojnice izrađene su temeljem rezultata sistemske analize bušotina. Konstrukcija operativnih ovojnica bušotina izvršena je sukladno proceduri prikazanoj u literaturi: Lešković (2024). Za izračun injektivnih karakteristika bušotina/ležišta uzete su tipične vrijednosti efektivnih propusnosti, debljine i ostalih petrofizikalnih parametara za ležišta odobalnog lokaliteta Sjeverni Jadran. Ove vrijednosti temeljene su na petrofizikalnim i hidrodinamičkim mjerenjima provedenim tijekom početne faze proizvodnje plina. U radu je dan primjer komparativne analize operativnih ovojnica bušotina za grupu scenarija A.

Translated Abstract

In the process of analysing the potential of shallow depleted gas reservoirs for permanent CO2 storage in the North Adriatic area, the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs were singled out as potentially suitable. For this reason, an assessment of the daily injection capacity of the system for permanent CO2 storage in targeted reservoirs was made. The SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs are dry gas depleted, relatively shallow, approx. 600 m of vertical depth subsea level reservoirs with a strong water drive regime. It is estimated that the reservoir pressure is close to the initial one and is around 60 BARg. In order to assess the daily injection capacity of the offshore CCS system of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs, the injection possibilities of the system were analysed under the assumption that the existing, otherwise production infrastructure, will be utilized. The assessment of the daily inflow capacity of the CCS systems of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs was carried out with the help of a static IIM (without an active reservoir model) through eight possible scenarios classified into three groups A, B and C. The IIM is created utilizing software package IPM ver. 13.5 of Petroleum Experts. A graphic representation of the IIM interface of the CCS system of the SJ-XY and SJ-Z reservoirs is shown in Figure 2. Initially, an injectivity assessment and an analysis of the operational possibilities of the complete well fund was performed by utilising operating well envelopes. Operating well envelopes were created based on the results of the wells system analysis. Construction of operating well envelopes was carried out in accordance with the procedure presented in the literature: Lešković (2024). To calculate the injection characteristics of wells/reservoirs, typical values of effective permeability, thickness and other petrophysical parameters for reservoirs in the offshore location of the Northern Adriatic were taken. These values are based on actual petrophysical and hydrodynamic measurements carried out during the initial phase of gas production. The paper also presents an example of a comparative analysis of operating well envelopes for scenario group A.

Introduction

U ovom radu se pod pojmom sustava za trajno skladištenje CO2 u geološke formacije (eng. Carbon Capture and Storage - CCS) podrazumijeva jedinstvena cjelina koju čine bušotinski fond koji preko sustava priključnih cjevovoda i pripadajuće armature povezuje geološku strukturu/ležište i izvor CO2, ovdje pumpnu/kompresorsku stanicu. Za injekcioni sustav se često koristi i naziv pripadajuća infrastruktura. Integrirani injekcioni model (IIM) sustava za trajno skladištenje CO2 u geološke formacije predstavlja jedinstveni matematički opis hidrodimačkog i termodinamičkog ponašanja geološke strukture/ležišta i pripadajuće infrastrukture sustava za skladištenje CO2. Zasniva se na integraciji matematičkih modela nadzemnih komponenti sustava (kompresorska/pumpna stanica i mreže površinskih/podvodnih cjevovoda) i pripadajućih bušotina te modela geološke strukture/ležišta (numeričkih i/ili analitičkih) u jednu jedinstvenu cjelinu. Važnost integracije svih komponenti sustava očituje se u činjenici da u razmatranom vremenu i prostoru promjene u jednoj točki sustava neminovno uzrokuju promjene u cjelokupnom sustavu. IIM se može koristiti i parcijalno samo za analizu utisne infrastrukture. U tom slučaju odabere se ležišni tlak i temperatura u određenom vremenu i prostoru čime je za svaku od pripadajućih bušotina određen ležišni rubni uvjet modela. Ulazni rubni uvjet modela su tlak i temperatura izlaza kompresorske/pumpne stanice. Ovakav tip analize može se još nazvati i statičkim injekcionim modeliranjem iz kojeg proizlazi i proračun dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta. Upravo je to slučaj korištenja IIM-a u ovom radu. Operativna ovojnica bušotine (eng. Well Operating Envelope) svoju snažnu primjenu nalazi u procesu proračuna dnevnog utisnog kapaciteta. Stavljanjem operativnih ovojnica pojedinih bušotina pri nekom ležišnom tlaku (u nekom vremenu i prostoru) i očekivanim rubnim uvjetima u komparativni odnos, prepoznaju se operativne mogućnosti i ograničenja svake od bušotina u odnosu na ostale. Uporabna vrijednost komparativnog prikaza očituje se u mogućnosti analize različitih injekcionih scenarija, odnosno odabira prikladnog bušotinskog fonda i uvjeta pod kojima će se vršiti utis na pojedinim bušotinama, sve vezano za pojedine scenarije koji su predmet potonje analize IIM-a. U ovom radu dan je primjer uporabe horizontalnog komparativnog prikaza operativnih ovojnica bušotina u funkciji integriranog injekcionog modela CCS sustava ležišta SJ-XY i SJ-Z.

Metode

Metode korištene u izradi rada.

Rezultati

Tekst rezultata

Rasprava

Tekst

Appendix/Dodatak -->

References

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2. 

Lešković G. , author. 2024. Koncept operativne ovojnice injekcione bušotine za CO2. Nafta i Plin. 44(182-183):

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Huber M.L.; ; Lemmon E.W.; ; Bell I.H.; ; Bell M.O. , authors. 2022.The NIST REFPROP Database for Highly Accurate Properties of Industrially Important Fluids. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.2c0142761(42):15449–15472

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