Izvorni znanstveni članak
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2026-77-4124
Residential exposures associated with adiposity and proinflammatory markers in obese adults with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Angel M. Dzhambov
; Medical University of Plovdiv, Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU – Plovdiv, Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment Research Group, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Environmental Health Division, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Spas Kitov
; Medical University of Plovdiv, First Department of Internal Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 4 St George University Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Kostadin R. Kostadinov
; Medical University of Plovdiv, Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU – Plovdiv, Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment Research Group, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Environmental Health Division, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Medical University of Plovdiv Faculty of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Maria-Florance Kitova
; Medical University of Plovdiv Faculty of Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Angel Burov
; Medical University of Plovdiv, Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU – Plovdiv, Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment Research Group, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Environmental Health Division, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Geodesy, Faculty of Architecture, Department of Urban Planning, Sofia, Bulgaria
Marco Helbich
; Medical University of Plovdiv, Strategic Research and Innovation Program for the Development of MU – Plovdiv, Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment Research Group, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 2 Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Environmental Health Division, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Utrecht University, Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Tanya Deneva
; Medical University of Plovdiv, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Environmental Health Division, Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Medical University of Plovdiv, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Lyudmila Kitova
; Medical University of Plovdiv, First Department of Internal Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria 4 St George University Hospital, Clinic of Cardiology Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Sažetak
Although current research supports associations between residential environment and inflammation and/or adiposity, evidence remains limited and partly contradictory for combined exposures, especially in vulnerable populations. To address this issue, this cross-sectional study, taking place in 2023 and 2024, investigated the associations between residential factors and adiposity and proinflammatory markers in 90 obese adults with metabolic syndrome from Bulgaria. All underwent clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory examinations, and completed a questionnaire. We measured their serum proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)], C-reactive protein (CRP), and adipokines (visfatin, leptin, adiponectin). Adiposity-related markers included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat, and visceral fat percentage. Residential air pollution (NO2, PM2.5, PM10), road traffic noise (Lden), domestic burning of solid fuel, total greenness, tree cover, and time spent in nature were linked to these data. There was suggestive evidence that every 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 levels was associated with higher concentrations of TNF-α (36.27 %; 95 % CI: -5.66 %, 96.83 %), IL-6 (41.63 %; 95 % CI: 8.16 %, 85.46 %), CRP (37.80 %; 95 % CI: 5.89 %, 79.32 %), leptin (25.61 %; 95 % CI: -8.73 %, 72.88 %), and lower adiponectin-leptin ratio (-33.83 %; 95 % CI: -56.59 %, 0.85 %). Additionally, NO2 was associated with higher BMI (6.37 %; 95 % CI: -0.82 %, 14.08 %) and visceral fat (7.52 %; 95 % CI: 1.30 %, 14.12 %). For every 2 h/week spent in nature, TNF-α concentration was lower (-20.49 %; 95 % CI: -37.56 %, 1.23 %), and adiponectin was higher (10.30 %; 95 % CI: 1.36 %, 20.03 %). Other observed associations were largely null, inconsistent, or occasionally showed an unexpected protective direction. These findings can serve as a general roadmap, and only larger longitudinal studies may provide a better insight into the environmental determinants of metabolic inflammation, which could in turn support the development of alternative preventive strategies
Ključne riječi
adipokines; air pollution; greenspace; systemic inflammation; traffic noise
Hrčak ID:
351082
URI
Datum izdavanja:
15.9.2026.
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