Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.2014.02.0028
Impact of Battery Ageing on an Electric Vehicle Powertrain Optimisation
Daniel J. Auger
orcid.org/0000-0002-6199-4251
; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Maxime F. Groff
; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Ganesh Mohan
; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Stefano Longo
; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Francis Assadian
; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
Abstract
An electric vehicle’s battery is its most expensive component, and it cannot be charged and discharged indefinitely. This affects a consumer vehicle’s end-user value. Ageing is tolerated as an unwanted operational side-effect; manufacturers have little control over it. Recent publications have considered trade-offs between efficiency and ageing in plug-in hybrids (PHEVs) but there is no equivalent literature for pure EVs. For PHEVs, battery ageing has been modelled by translating current demands into chemical degradation. Given such models it is possible to produce similar trade-offs for EVs. We consider the effects of varying battery size and introducing a parallel supercapacitor pack. (Supercapacitors can smooth current demands, but their weight and electronics reduce economy.) We extend existing EV optimisation techniques to include battery ageing, illustrated with vehicle case studies. We comment on the applicability to similar EV problems and identify where additional research is needed to improve on our assumptions.
Keywords
Electric vehicles; Battery; Ageing; State-of-health; Power train optimisation
Hrčak ID:
127756
URI
Publication date:
31.12.2014.
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