Conference paper

Ocular Viral Diseases of Vertebrate Animals

Fabio Del Piero

Abstract

Several viruses are able to infect eyes and ocular adnexa of vertebrates. Considering the variety of cells and tissues comprising eyes and adnexa, viruses have multiple opportunities to colonize them and to induce a pathologic effect. This also varies depending on the animal species, age, immune status, virus species and type. Viruses may target conjunctival, glandular, corneal and/or retinal epithelium, endothelium, myocytes and pericytes, retinal and optic nerve neurons, fibers and glial cells, and lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells of lymphoid follicles. Cell injury can be induced by direct cytopathic effect or via inflammatory mediator release and/or protelytic enzymes released by inflammatory cells or the injury may result from the intraparietal vascular deposition of antigen antibody complexes and following complement activation. In fetuses and youngsters some agents are able to induce various degrees of ocular dysplasia. Immunodeficiency viruses favor the colonization and growth of other agents such as other viruses, bacteria, protozoa and mycetes. Leukemia oncornaviruses can cause neoplastic lymphocytic infiltration of eyes and adnexa. This review includes viruses able to affect multiple species of vertebrates, and others specific to ruminants, horses, pigs, marsupials, dogs, cats, minks, rabbits, rats, birds and fish. Herpesvirus, arterivirus, orbivirus, paramyxovirus, morbillivirus, nodavirus, pestivirus, asfivirus, orthomyxovirus, retrovirus, lentivirus, adenovirus, calicivirus, coronavirus, reovirus and prions are discusses. Zoonotic agents include influenza orthomyxoviruses, Newcastle disease paramyxovirus, rabies rhabdovirus, transmissible bovine spongiform encephalopathy prion, simian immunodeficiency lentivirus, cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 and perhaps Borna disease virus. Anthropozoonoses include human measles morbillivirus and herpes simplex virus.

Keywords

Eye diseases; Virus diseases; Animal

Hrčak ID:

15159

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/15159

Publication date:

1.6.2004.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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