Review article

https://doi.org/10.20471/LO.2020.48.02-03.16

Obesity and cancer

Franjo Cmrečak ; Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy. University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Iva Andrašek ; Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy. University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Višnja Gregov ; Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy. University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Lidija Beketić-Orešković ; Division of Oncology and Radiotherapy. University Hospital for Tumors, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Clinical Oncology, School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

For the past several decades, we have witnessed the emergence of the obesity pandemic worldwide and, simultaneously, the increase of incidence of malignant diseases. The effects of obesity and overweight on cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality started to be meticulously researched only recently. According to the epidemiological data analysis, the connection between obesity and increased risk of numerous cancers has been established. Estimations are that a change in lifestyle and diet can prevent 30-50% of malignant diseases. After smoking, obesity is the second largest preventable cause of cancer. Obesity affects the quality of life and increases the risk of cancer recurrence and cancer-related mortality. By reducing body mass and avoiding gaining weight during adulthood, the risk of getting cancer is lowered. Numerous studies have shown the beneficial effects of physical activity during and after cancer treatment. Obesity influences cancer development; however, the mechanisms responsible for it are still unclear. It is considered that chronic inflammation, caused by the overabundance of nutrients, increases the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immune cells. It has been discovered that adipocytes have an important endocrine role; they synthesize numerous hormones and adipocytokines, such as leptin and adiponectin. High levels of leptons and low levels of adiponectin can activate intracellular signaling pathways involving malignant cells’ development. An important part of cancer development can be attributed to insulin metabolism, insulin-like growth factors, and sex hormones.

Keywords

obesity; cancer; mechanisms

Hrčak ID:

250357

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/250357

Publication date:

21.12.2020.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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