Preliminary communication
https://doi.org/10.18048/2021.60.03
Training Requirements for LNG Ship-to-Ship Transfer
Tonči Tokić
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
Vlado Frančić
orcid.org/0000-0002-2883-4512
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
Nermin Hasanspahić
orcid.org/0000-0001-6279-0122
; University of Dubrovnik, Maritime Department
Igor Rudan
; University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
Abstract
Due to large quantities of cargo transported by oil carriers, as well as the inability of many ports to accommodate such ships, the solution was found in the application of STS (Ship-to-Ship) operation.
Opposite, LNG STS terminals are usually set up where the construction of a classic onshore terminal is impossible or economically unprofitable. However, such an operation is associated with increased risks which could be minimized by taking precautions, following the regulations, and having well trained officers and crew on board. Well trained and competent crews are indispensable in STS procedures to minimize the risks to which STS processes are exposed, especially those that can
threaten the environment.
This paper elaborates LNG STS procedure and discusses the necessity for appropriate training of seafarers involved in such operations. Furthermore, it proposes education requirements for officers involved in LNG STS procedures based on relevant recommendations, practices, and perceived shortcomings.
Keywords
LNG STS operation, risk management, competencies, training requirements
Hrčak ID:
260927
URI
Publication date:
24.7.2021.
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