Review article

https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.56.3.6

Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation with a focus on haematology parameters: a brief review and future research needs

Nikolino Žura ; Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb, Zdravstveno veleučilište Zagreb, Hrvatska
Ivona Žura Žaja ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučiišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska *
Porin Perić ; Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb, Medicinski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Krešimir Malarić ; Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Suzana Milinković Tur ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Nina Poljičak Milas ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Vladimira Rimac ; Klinički bolnički centar Zagreb, Hrvatska
Jadranka Pejaković Hlede ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Sandra Kunštek ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Marko Pećin ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska
Marinko Vilić ; Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska

* Corresponding author.

Abstract

The use of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) has steadily increased since the 1950s. RF-EMR is used in medicine, industry, household appliances, security and navigation, and especially in wireless elecommunications and animal husbandry. The widespread use of RF-EMR, especially with the introduction of 5G networks, raises concerns about potential adverse effects on human and animal health. The effects and mechanisms of RF-EMR impacts of 5G network frequencies on human and animal health are still unknown or
poorly understood. Current research findings include the biological effects of RF-EMR on genotoxicity, cell proliferation, gene expression, cell signalling, cell membrane function, and the function of immune, ematopoietic, and reproductive systems. Exposure of humans and laboratory animals to RF-EMR emitted from cell phones and many other electronic devices of 4G and older technologies has been shown to have detrimental effects on blood cells and to cause changes in the complete blood count. This depends on the type of organisms exposed, sources,
frequency, electric field level and duration of exposure. There is sparse data in the available literature on the effects of RF-EMR on haematology indicators and erythrocyte morphometry in domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this scientific review is to highlight the effects of RF-EMR on haematology indicators, erythrocyte morphometry, and platelet activation in humans and animals, taking into account the findings on the effects of 5G electromagnetic radiation on these indicators. Considering the ubiquitous electromagnetic pollution, it is important to gain knowledge about the effects of RF-EMR on human and animal health. In addition, it is necessary to determine the effects following in vitro exposure of blood to RF-EMR, especially due to the storage and use of blood and blood products in transfusion medicine.

Keywords

radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation; biological effects; complete blood count; erythrocyte morphometry; platelet activation

Hrčak ID:

320049

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/320049

Publication date:

3.11.2024.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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