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Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly, Vol. 39 No. 2, 2025.

Review article

https://doi.org/10.15255/CABEQ.2024.2348

A Critical Review of the Microbial Exopolysaccharide Xanthan

P. Wintersteller orcid id orcid.org/0009-0001-7798-0508 ; Product & Process Development Biogums, Jungbunzlauer Austria AG, Plant Pernhofen, 2064 Wulzeshofen, Austria
A. Huber ; University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, PS&HC – Polysaccharides and Hydrocolloids, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
M. Koller orcid id orcid.org/0000-0002-9251-1822 ; University of Graz, Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, PS&HC – Polysaccharides and Hydrocolloids, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria

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Abstract

Xanthan gum, a microbial exopolysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas campestris, exhibits exceptional rheological behavior, structural versatility, and environmental resilience, making it indispensable across food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial sectors. This review critically examines its biosynthesis, molecular configuration, and physicochemical properties, with emphasis on how cultivation parameters and polymer architecture influence its functionality. It highlights the role of side chain composition, ion interactions, and macromolecular conformations in determining xanthan’s unique pseudoplasticity and stability. The paper further explores advancements in novel feed stocks and sustainable production techniques. Future research directions are identified, including enhanced control of structure-function relationships, enzyme-based modifications, and xanthan’s role in emerging fields like 3D bioprinting and biodegradable materials. Overall, xanthan gum is positioned as a model hydrocolloid for both current industrial use and future innovation in biomaterials science.







This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Keywords

xanthan gum; microbial exopolysaccharide; rheological properties; industrial applications; biopolymer; biosynthesis

Hrčak ID:

334107

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/334107

Publication date:

28.7.2025.

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