Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.33765/thate.16.4.1
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSES IN THE INDUSTRIAL CORRIDOR OF THE SONIPAT DISTRICT ALONG NH-44, HARYANA, INDIA
Ritu Singh
; Baba Mastnath University, Research scholar, Department of Chemistry, Rohtak, Haryana, India; Hindu Girls College, Department of Chemistry, Sonipat, Haryana, India
Pallavi Bhardwaj
; Baba Mastnath University, Department of Chemistry, Rohtak, Haryana, India
*
Pooja Ranjan
; Hindu Girls College, Department of Chemistry, Sonipat, Haryana, India
*
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
The rapid expansion of industrial and agricultural activities has increased pressure on natural water resources, making continuous monitoring of groundwater quality critically important. The present study was conducted to assess the suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes in the HSIIDC (Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation) industrial regions of Sonipat district. Groundwater samples were collected from ten industrial locations within the HSIIDC industrial estates of Sonipat City, Barhi, Kundli, Murthal and Rai along NH-44 (National Highway-44) corridor in Sonipat district. Samples were collected in triplicate at each site and the mean values were used for groundwater quality assessment. A total of sixteen physicochemical and biological water quality parameters were analysed, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (as CaCO₃), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), carbonate (CO₃²⁻), bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), sulphate (SO₄²⁻), chloride (Cl⁻), fluoride (F⁻), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). All analyses were conducted using standard procedures given by the American Public Health Association (APHA) and compared with the permissible limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) IS 10500:2012.
The results indicate that the concentrations of calcium, carbonates, bicarbonates, sodium, nitrate, chloride and fluoride were within the permissible limits recommended by the BIS and the WHO guidelines at most sampling locations. However, localized exceedances and elevated concentrations of certain parameters at specific sites indicate potential risks associated with industrial influence and groundwater contamination. Elevated values of pH, TDS and total hardness were observed at some locations. According to the Water Quality Index (WQI), approximately 80 % of the samples were within the “good” category, with the exception of sample site S9 (Barhi) which showed poorer water quality and required purification before consumption. Spatial variations in groundwater quality were observed across the study area.
Keywords
water quality; physicochemical parameter; Sonipat; groundwater; TDS
Hrčak ID:
351117
URI
Publication date:
16.9.2026.
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