Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.2478/crdj-2027-0001
An Online Survey as a Potential Input to E-Participation: Female Students’ Perspectives on Public Space Design in Croatia
Ivana Ninčević Pašalić
; University of Split, Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, Croatia
*
* Corresponding author.
Abstract
This study examines female students’ use and perceptions of public spaces in the Split urban area, Croatia, and considers how digitally collected experiences could inform gender-responsive participatory planning. An exploratory case study used an online survey with a convenience sample of 121 female students. The findings reveal three connected dimensions shaping respondents’ experiences of public space: safety after dark, access to basic and care-sensitive infrastructure, and the availability of socially and recreationally inclusive activities. Parks and waterfront promenades were used primarily for social interaction and relaxation, but respondents reported considerably lower perceived safety at night. Poor lighting, limited visibility, and uncomfortable encounters with other users contributed to avoidance and insecurity. Inadequate toilets, seating and accessible paths further limited comfortable use. Existing recreational provision was also perceived as insufficiently responsive to female users, with respondents expressing stronger interest in volleyball, badminton, fitness, yoga, workshops and informal social spaces than in facilities centred on traditional competitive sports. The study provides context-specific evidence from an under-researched Croatian setting and identifies priorities for further consultation and site-specific assessment. Online surveys can inform planning, but their contribution to meaningful e-participation depends on institutional dialogue, decision-making, and feedback.
Keywords
gender-responsive urban planning; public space; inclusive design; women’s safety; e-participation
Hrčak ID:
352610
URI
Publication date:
30.1.2026.
Visits: 0 *