Review article

Cervical Cancer as a Public Health Issue – What Next?

Ante Ćorušić ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
Lana Škrgatić ; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
Vesna Mahovlić ; Division of Gynecologic Cytology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Vjekoslav Mandić ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Pavao Planinić ; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Magdalena Karadža ; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. There are about 60,000 newly detected cases and 30,000 deaths annually in Europe, with the highest incidence reported from Eastern Europe countries. According to data from the National Institute of Public Health, in Croatia the incidence of cervical cancer was 14.9/100,000 in 2006, ranking eighth most common malignancy in women. Croatia has a lower incidence of the disease compared to many countries of Central and Southeast Europe. A large study carried out in 1995 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, which included cervical cancer material collected from 22 countries all over the world revealed HPV genome in 99.7% of cases. Efficient methods of cervical cancer detection and screening methods for identification of precancerous lesions (conventional Pap smear) are available. Cervical cancer prevention programs should include education (of health care providers and women), stressing the benefits of screening, the age of the peak cervical cancer incidence, and the signs and symptoms of precancerous lesions and invasive disease. The aim of screening actions is to detect precancerous lesions that may lead to cancer if left untreated. Screening can only be effective if there is a well-organized system of follow up, diagnosis and treatment. Cervical cytology, or Papanicolaou (Pap) testing, has for decades been a cornerstone of cervical cancer screening. According to recent guidelines issued by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, the primary task of the public health system is the introduction of secondary prevention through properly organized screening programs. Launching the national immunization program is only possible in the countries with well-organized secondary prevention programs and in those that can afford it.

Keywords

cervical cancer; HPV infection; prevention program; HPV vaccine

Hrčak ID:

51283

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/51283

Publication date:

10.3.2010.

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