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Periodicum biologorum, Vol. 114 No. 3, 2012.

Review article

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

LJILJANA BESLAĆ-BUMBAŠIREVIĆ ; Clinical Centre of Serbia, Neurology Clinic, Dr Subotića 6, PO Box 12, 11129 Belgrade 102, Serbia
VIŠNJA PAĐEN ; Department of Emergency Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
DEJANA R. JOVANOVIĆ ; Department of Emergency Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
MAJA STEFANOVIĆ-BUDIMKIĆ ; Department of Emergency Neurology, Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

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Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents cerebral parenchymal bleeding thatmay also extend into ventricular, and rarely, subarachnoid space. As a stroke subtype, it is associated with poor neurological outcome as well as high mortality. The worldwide incidence of ICH ranges from 10 to 20 cases per 100,000 population and increases with age. Different risk factors can cause ICH: hypertension (the main and the most common risk factor), cerebral amyloid angiopathy, previous use of anticoagulant therapy, excessive use of alcohol, and also other risk factors such as serum cholesterol levels and some genetic factors. Its clinical presentation usually consist of a decreased level of consciousness with headache and vomiting (in patients with a large hematoma), and depending on localization some specific neurological signs could be present: contralateral sensory-motor deficits of varying severity, aphasia, neglect, gaze deviation, hemianopsia, abnormalities of gaze, cranial-nerve abnormalities, as well as ataxia, nystagmus, and dysmetria.

Emergency diagnosis and management in neurological intensive care, or stroke units, with hypertension treatment, administration of haemostatic agents and general therapeutic measures for critically ill neurological patients may positively influence the outcome. Nevertheless, a larger number of randomized controlled studies are needed to answer several important questions, including how to treat hypertension, which haemostatic agent to use, as well as determining place and time of surgical treatment.

Keywords

Hrčak ID:

96137

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/96137

Publication date:

30.9.2012.

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