Review article

Testing of the Effect of Lateral Refraction on the Measurements of Horizontal Directions in the Tunnel

Loris Redovniković orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-1009 ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Marko Džapo ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Zdravko Kapović ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

This paper analyzes the complexity of tunnel surveying. Sources of errors which are shown herein are those that occur in the measurement of horizontal lines, with special emphasis on the influence of lateral refraction. Since the atmosphere is not a homogeneous medium, therefore it follows the curve which is not mathematically defined, but is dependent on the distance from the visor line of the cause of refraction and changes in temperature and air pressure. In this study, there are several processed measurements under different atmospheric conditions and a visor line distance from the tunnel wall, which is in fact, the cause of refraction. Finally, the measurement results are shown together with the model which meets the stringent criteria for performing tunnel surveying.

Keywords

lateral refraction; breakthrough of the tunnel; temperature

Hrčak ID:

77844

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/77844

Publication date:

30.9.2011.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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