Original scientific paper

https://doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2219

Exposure to Urban Air Pollution and Bone Health in Clinically Healthy Six-year-old Children

Lilian Calderón-Garcidueñas ; The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, US
Antonieta Mora-Tiscareño ; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
Maricela Franco-Lira ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico
Ricardo Torres-Jardón ; Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Mexico City, Mexico
Bernardo Peña-Cruz ; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
Carolina Palacios-López ; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, Mexico
Hongtu Zhu ; Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Linglong Kong ; Biostatistics, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Nicolás Mendoza-Mendoza ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico
Hortencia Montesinos-Correa ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico
Lina Romero ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico
Gildardo Valencia-Salazar ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico
Michael Kavanaugh ; The Center for Structural and Functional Neurosciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, US
Silvestre Frenk ; Hospital Central Militar, Mexico City, Mexico

Abstract

Air pollution induces systemic inflammation, as well as respiratory, myocardial and brain inflammation in children. Peak bone mass is influenced by environmental factors. We tested the hypothesis that six-year-olds with lifetime exposures to urban air pollution will have alterations in inflammatory markers and bone mineral density (BMD) as opposed to low-polluted city residents when matched for BMI, breast feeding history, skin phototype, age, sex and socioeconomic status. This pilot study included 20 children from Mexico City (MC) (6.17 years ± 0.63 years) and 15 controls (6.27 years ± 0.76 years). We performed full paediatric examinations, a history of outdoor exposures, seven-day dietary recalls, serum inflammatory markers and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Children in MC had significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.001), marked reductions in total blood neutrophils (p=0.0002) and an increase in monocytes (p=0.005). MC children also had an insufficient Vitamin D intake and spent less time outdoors than controls (p<0.001) in an environment characterized by decreased UV light, with ozone and fine particulates concentrations above standard values. There were no significant differences between the cohorts in DXA Z scores. The impact of systemic inflammation, vitamin D insufficiency, air pollution, urban violence and poverty may have long-term bone detrimental outcomes in exposed paediatric populations as they grow older, increasing the risk of low bone mass and osteoporosis. The selection of reference populations for DXA must take into account air pollution exposures.

Keywords

DXA; particulate matter; systemic inflammation; UV light; vitamin D insufficiency

Hrčak ID:

98680

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/98680

Publication date:

20.3.2013.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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