Review article

https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2015.017

Aberrant methylation patterns in cancer: a clinical view

Alja Videtic Paska ; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Petra Hudler orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-0674 ; Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract

Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone proteins affecting nucleosome remodelling, and regulation by small and large non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) work in concert with cis and trans acting elements to drive appropriate gene expression. Advances in detection methods and development of dedicated platforms and methylation arrays resulted in an explosion of information on aberrantly methylated sequences linking deviations in epigenetic landscape with the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Here, we consider how DNA methylation changes in malignancies, such as breast, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer could be exploited for the purpose of developing specific diagnostic tools. DNA methylation changes can be applicable as biomarkers for detection of malignant disease in easily accessible tissues. Methylation signatures are already proving to be an important marker for determination of drug sensitivity. Even more, promoter methylation patterns of some genes, such as MGMT, SHOX2, and SEPT9, have already been translated into commercial clinical assays aiding in patient assessment as adjunct diagnostic tools. In conclusion, the changes in DNA methylation patterns in tumour cells are slowly gaining entrance into routine diagnostic tests as promising biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords

biomarkers; CpG islands; DNA methylation; molecular diagnostics; epigenetics

Hrčak ID:

139771

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/139771

Publication date:

15.6.2015.

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