Original scientific paper
https://doi.org/10.31298/sl.140.5-6.2
Check list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on host plants of genus Quercus L. in Croatia, with emphasis on the first record of kermes berry – Kermes vermilio Planchon, 1864
Tatjana Masten Milek
; Hrvatski centar za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo, Zagreb
Gabrijel Seljak
; Kmetijsko gozdarski zavod Nova Gorica, Kromberk, Slovenija
Mladen Šimala
; Hrvatski centar za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo, Zavod za zaštitu bilja, Zagreb
Maja Pintar
; Hrvatski centar za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo, Zavod za zaštitu bilja, Zagreb
Vjekoslav Markotić
; Hrvatski centar za poljoprivredu, hranu i selo, Zagreb
Abstract
Check-list of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) on host plants of genus Quercus L. comprises all available literature data on faunistic research of scale insects in Croatia, as well as data from the research conducted from 2005 to 2014. Published data on former faunistic research from the following authors have been used: Balachowsky (1950), Kovačević (1961), Kozár (1983), Langhoffer (1927, 1929), Lindinger (1912), Schmidt (1956, 1973) and Žak-Ogaza (1967). Each listed species was matched with a corresponding name, according to current systematics (Ben Dov et al., 2014). Following materials and methods were used in conducted research: visual inspections, collecting of plant material, storing and preservation of samples, analysis of samples under stereomicroscope, preparation of microscopic slides and identification of species. Samples were collected according to the method by Gill (1993). Analysis of collected samples was done under ZEISS Discovery V12 stereomicroscope with appurtenant AxioCam ERc5s digital camera. 70% ethyl alcohol, potassium hydroxide, lactic acid, fuchsine acid, lignin pink, acetic acid and clove oil were used in processing of scale insects’ samples. Permanent microscopic slides (photo 2) were prepared using clove oil, accordingly to Kosztarab & Kozár, 1988 and Gill, 1993. Identification of scale insect species was conducted using identification keys by Balachowsky, 1950, Borchsenius, 1960, Gill, 1993 and Pellizzari et al., 2012, compound microscope OLYMPUS BX 51 (with 4x, 10x, 20x, 40x and 100x magnification lens and 10x magnification ocular) and
OLYMPUS DP25 digital camera. Based on literature data, 15 species of scale insects have been registered on oak trees (table 1). Faunistic investigation of scale insects in period from 2005 to 2014 established 12 species of scale insects. When compared to literature data, 6 new species have been registered (table 2). Currently, the check-list of scale insects on oak trees in Croatia comprises 21 species belonging to 4 families: family Asterolecanidae: Asterodiaspis ilicicola (Targioni Tozzetti 1888), A. quercicola (Bouche 1851), A. variolosa (Ratzeburg 1870), family Coccidae: Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus 1758, Eulecanium tiliae (Linnaeus 1758), Parthenolecanium rufulum Cockerell 1903, Pulvinaria sericea (Fourcroy 1785), family Diaspididae: Chionaspis etrusca Leonardi 1908, C. lepineyi Balachowsky 1928, C. salicis (Linnaeus 1758), Diaspidiotus alni (Marchal 1909), D. bavaricus (Lindinger 1912), D. ostreaeformis (Curtis 1843), D. zonatus (Frauenfeld 1868), Gonaspidiotus minimus (Leonardi in: Berlese & Leonardi 1896), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman 1869), L. ulmi (Linnaeus 1758), Targionia vitis (Signoret 1876) and family Kermesidae: Kermes quercus (Linnaeus 1758), K. roboris (Fourcroy 1785) and K. vermilio Planchon 1864 (table 3). A. ilicicola had the highest number of appearing, followed by P. rufulum (graph 1). On host species from the genus Quercus, species from the family Diaspidide were dominant, followed by Asterolecanidae, Coccidae and Kermesidae (graph 2). In July 2014 mass occurrence of scale insect K. vermilio and symptoms of its infestation were registered on evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) in the town of Poreč (photo 2). Visual inspections were conducted and samples were collected. Diagnostic analysis based on morphological characteristics was carried out and it resulted in identification of scale insect K. vermilio (photo 1). K. vermilio is a new member of Croatian entomofauna, whose host plants are evergreen species belonging to the genus Quercus, primarily evergreen oak.
Keywords
Croatia; first finding; kermes berry; <i>Kermes vermilio</i>; oak; scale insects
Hrčak ID:
161548
URI
Publication date:
30.6.2016.
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