Review article
https://doi.org/10.21860/medflum2017_182950
CT urography: principles and indications
Doris Dodig
orcid.org/0000-0001-9462-4516
; Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Iva Žuža
orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-0091
; Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Danijela Veljković Vujaklija
; Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Damir Miletić
; Department of Radiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
Abstract
CT urography (CTU) is an imaging method tailored specifically for the evaluation of the upper urothelial tract and urinary bladder. High diagnostic accuracy in detecting primary and recurrent urothelial tumours, their differentiation from benign lesions, anatomic
variation and malformation characterization, and evaluation of important pathology in the surrounding tissues, renders CTU a valuable imaging study of the urothelial tract. Haematuria, initial staging and post treatment follow up of upper urinary tract and bladder malignancies are the most important indications for CTU. Triple phase and split bolus techniques are most commonly used CTU protocols that consist of a non-contrast, nephrographic, and excretory phase, obtained by three or two acquisitions. CTU scanning protocols are tailored to achieve adequate image quality with optimal opacification and distension of the urinary tract at the lowest achievable radiation dose within the range of 5-15 mSv, comparable to the doses of intravenous urography. Detailed patient history, clinical examination, and urine analysis are essential for proper patient selection and targeted CTU protocol, which are the most important tools for increasing diagnostic accuracy and lowering patient radiation dose of CT urography.
Keywords
computed tomography; hematuria; urography; urologic neoplasms
Hrčak ID:
184833
URI
Publication date:
1.9.2017.
Visits: 8.781 *