Review article
https://doi.org/10.20471/LO.2018.46.01.04
Driver mutations in melanoma
Snježana Ramić
orcid.org/0000-0002-5916-8815
; Department of Oncological Pathology, ‘Ljudevit Jurak’ University Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Melita Perić Balja
; Department of Oncological Pathology, ‘Ljudevit Jurak’ University Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
Abstract
In this review, we present the findings from the literature on several new molecules that can be targeted in the melanoma treatment process, especially metastatic melanoma, since five-year survival rates are below 20%. Recently, melanoma has been defined by mutations that occur in oncogenes and lead to melanomagenesis. A mutation in BRAF gene selects the patients for targeting therapy with BRAF inhibitors. Although BRAF inhibitor therapy is associated with clinical benefit, the majority of patients with the BRAFV600-mutated metastatic melanoma develop resistance, usually within the first year. Clinically significant discrepancy in BRAF status, between primary melanoma and its metastasis were detected in about 15% of cases. There are no specific recommendations on BRAF re-testing, but might be clinically relevant to repeat testing on recent metastatic sites in cases of previous BRAF wild type results.
Keywords
metastatic melanoma; BRAF; p53; signaling pathway; mutations
Hrčak ID:
204693
URI
Publication date:
20.7.2018.
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