Review article

Development and Modernization of GNSS

Mladen Zrinjski orcid.org/0000-0003-0834-6009 ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Đuro Barković orcid.org/0000-0003-3382-253X ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Kristina Matika orcid.org/0000-0001-5843-7318 ; Faculty of Geodesy, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

This paper reviews the current status and planned development of four global navigation satellite systems – the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, European Galileo and Chinese BeiDou. The concept and short chronological overview of key historical events that marked their development are given for each system, as well as the achieved and planned accuracy of absolute positioning. Modern technology and new civilian signals of Galileo and BeiDou have prompted GPS and GLONASS to begin modernization. The main features of modernization, as well as the improvements in positioning, navigation and timing are described. Along with the aforementioned global systems, India and Japan have developed regional navigation satellite systems NavIC and QZSS whose concept and development are also presented in this paper. At the end a comparative analysis of the basic parameters of all GNSS with reference to their ever-growing application in different aspects of human life is given.

Keywords

GPS; GLONASS; Galileo; BeiDou; NavIC; QZSS

Hrčak ID:

218855

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/218855

Publication date:

25.3.2019.

Article data in other languages: croatian

Visits: 3.552 *