Review article

Glyphosate - from applications to animals and humans

Marija Denžić Lugomer orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-6053 ; Hrvatski veterinarski institut - Veterinarski zavod Križevci, Križevci, Hrvatska
Damir Pavliček ; Hrvatski veterinarski institut - Veterinarski zavod Križevci, Križevci, Hrvatska
Nina Bilandžić ; Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska

Abstract

Glyphosate is the world’s best-selling herbicide that is used as an arboricide to suppress annual and perennial woody plants and broadleaf weeds, long-haired and hard-weeds with deep roots in vineyards, orchards, forests, farm and non-farm lands. For conventional plants and genetically modified (GM) crops containing the CP4- EPSPS modification, the major component of the residues is unchanged glyphosate, while in crops containing the glucose oxidase (GOX) modification, AMPA is present in equal or greater amounts compared to glyphosate. For GM plants containing the glycine N-phenylacetyltransferase (GAT) modification, the main components of the residues are represented by N-acetyl- glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA metabolites. The effect of glyphosate is unique in that it is the only molecule that is highly effective in inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl- chicat-3-phosphate synthetase (EPSPS) of the shikimate pathway. As regards glyphosate
residue control in foods of animal origin, in accordance with the current Regulation, only concentrations of glyphosate are taken into account. However, in its most recent report, the EFSA recommends monitoring the sum of glyphosate, AMPA and N-acetyl- glyphosate expressed as glyphosate, and the sum of glyphosate, AMPA, N-acetyl glyphosate and N-acetyl-AMPA expressed as glyphosate for risk assessment. It is highlighted that, since the acetyl compounds are specific for GAT-modified crops only and GAT-modified crops are currently not present on the European Union market, the inclusion of N-acetyl-glyphosate in the residue definition for enforcement may be reconsidered. Quantification of glyphosate is a major challenge due to the great polarity and amphoteric nature of the molecule, its small molecular mass and high solubility in water, and the lack of chromophores.

Keywords

glyphosate; AMPA; N-acetyl- AMPA; N-acetyl-glyphosate

Hrčak ID:

223828

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/223828

Publication date:

11.6.2019.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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