Review article
https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2020.59.s1.08
Risk Factors for Thyroid Cancer: What Do We Know So Far?
Tatjana Bogović Crnčić
orcid.org/0000-0003-4152-7928
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
Maja Ilić Tomaš
orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-9251
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
Neva Girotto
orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-3310
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
Svjetlana Grbac Ivanković
orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-6183
; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rijeka Clinical Hospital Centre, Rijeka, Croatia
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine cancer today. The rising incidence
of the differentiated papillary type cannot be entirely explained by early and meticulous diagnosis,
since a proportion of large tumors has also been reported. In this review, we present the results
of numerous investigations focused on possible factors causing increased TC incidence, such as chromosomal
and genetic alterations, iodine intake, TSH level, autoimmune thyroid disease, gender, estrogen,
obesity, lifestyle changes, and environmental pollutants. Up to now, only childhood exposure to
ionizing radiation has been fully recognized as a risk factor. There is also a possibility that yet undiscovered
carcinogens, especially during intrauterine life or early childhood, might be responsible for
increased TC incidence as well as epigenetic changes. Therefore, more studies are necessary in order to
further investigate the potential risk factors for TC and their mechanisms of action.
Keywords
radiation exposure; risk factors; thyroid cancer
Hrčak ID:
247901
URI
Publication date:
1.11.2020.
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