Review article

https://doi.org/10.46419/vs.53.5.12

Vesicular stomatitis

Vilim Starešina ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
Matko Perharić ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
Iva Zečević ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
Iva Benvin ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
Krešimir Martinković ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia
Zoran Milas ; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a re-emerging contagious disease, primarily affecting horses, cattle and swine, and to a lesser extent, sheep, goats, llamas and alpacas. The disease is caused by a zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, which also includes various viruses of vertebrates, invertebrates and many floral species. Vesicular stomatitis in cattle and swine requires special attention, as it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease of hoofed animals. The clinical signs in horses and cattle are dominated by ptyalism that is a result of the formation, then the rupture of vesicles on the dorsal side of the tongue, soft palate, dental plate and mucocutaneous junctions. Lesions are also found at the coronary band of the hoof, or on the teats in cattle. Due to erosions in the ruptured vesicles, animals experience a lack of appetite and resist milking. While prolific salivation in horses and cattle is the first symptom of the disease, pigs develop lameness due to lesions on the coronary band of the hoof. Within the herd, the disease is transmitted via direct contact, contaminated objects, equipment and surfaces. The VS virus can also spread through insects, such as mosquitoes, sand flies, black flies or culicoides that are mechanical and biological vectors. The prevention of vesicular stomatitis is implemented by the isolation of affected livestock, their restricted movement in the infected area, insect (vector) control, and the use of vaccines that are available in some Latin American countries. The occasional outbreak in the human population has a certain public health significance; however, the disease is mild and resembles the flu. Therefore, it is considered a less dangerous zoonosis.

Keywords

vesicular stomatitis; vesiculovirus; horses; hoofed mammals

Hrčak ID:

269741

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/269741

Publication date:

20.12.2021.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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