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Nafta i Plin, Vol. 41. No. 170. - 171., 2022.

Professional paper

The role of hydrogen in energy transition

Ankica Kovač orcid id orcid.org/0000-0003-0148-5620

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Abstract

Climate neutrality should be ensured by 2050, which means that it is necessary to completely stop the emissions of CO2 and other GHG into the atmosphere. However, agreements are one thing and realization is another. Rich and developed countries will more easily approach the elimination of fossil fuels, which are the main cause of GHG emissions. Poor countries cannot give up fossil fuels because they do not have the necessary standard of living or technology yet, or the money to buy or create the necessary new technologies themselves. Contracts will have to be made under which rich countries will help the poor to make emissions reductions work globally. This is what is expected from COP26. It is crucial to accelerate the energy transition to renewable energy sources and renewable hydrogen and to carry out comprehensive decarbonization of transport and production of all types of goods and thus contribute to avoiding catastrophic scenarios. With that goal, this work provides an overview of the current state of hydrogen technologies and possible solutions to accelerate the energy transition.

Keywords

hydrogen; energy transition; climate changes

Hrčak ID:

271420

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/271420

Publication date:

10.1.2022.

Article data in other languages: croatian

Visits: 2.599 *

Publication date: 10 January 2022

Volume: 41

Issue: 170. - 171.

Pages: 57-70

DOI:

Article Information (continued)

Categories:

Subject: Stručni rad

Categories:

Subject: Professional Paper

Keywords:

Keyword: vodik

Keyword: energetska tranzicija

Keyword: klimatske promjene

Keywords:

Keyword: hydrogen

Keyword: energy transition

Keyword: climate changes

Uloga vodika u energetskoj tranziciji

Translated Title (en): The role of hydrogen in energy transition

[ORCID] Ankica Kovač[1]

Email: Ankica.Kovac@fsb.hr

 

Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb

Author notes:

Correspondence to: [*] Ankica Kovač, Fakultet strojarstva i brodogradnje, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000, Zagreb Ankica.Kovac@fsb.hr

Abstract

Do 2050. godine potrebno je osigurati klimatsku neutralnost, što znači da je potrebno potpuno zaustaviti emisije CO2 i drugih stakleničkih plinova u atmosferu. Međutim, sporazumi su jedno, a realizacija drugo. Bogate i razvijene države lakše će pristupiti eliminaciji fosilnih goriva, koja su glavni uzrok emisija stakleničkih plinova. Siromašne države ne mogu se odreći fosilnih goriva jer još nemaju potrebnu razinu ni životnog standarda ni tehnologije, odnosno novca da kupe ili same stvore te potrebne nove tehnologije. Morat će se sklopiti ugovori prema kojima će bogate države pomagati siromašnima da bi smanjenje emisija profunkcioniralo na globalnoj razini. To je ono što se očekuje od COP26. Ključno je ubrzati energetsku tranziciju na obnovljive izvore energije i obnovljivi vodik te provesti sveobuhvatnu dekarbonizaciju transporta i proizvodnje svih vrsta dobara i time pridonijeti izbjegavanju katastrofičnih scenarija. S tim ciljem, ovaj rad donosi pregled trenutnoga stanja vodikovih tehnologija i moguća rješenja za ubrzanje energetske tranzicije.

Translated Abstract

Climate neutrality should be ensured by 2050, which means that it is necessary to completely stop the emissions of CO2 and other GHG into the atmosphere. However, agreements are one thing and realization is another. Rich and developed countries will more easily approach the elimination of fossil fuels, which are the main cause of GHG emissions. Poor countries cannot give up fossil fuels because they do not have the necessary standard of living or technology yet, or the money to buy or create the necessary new technologies themselves. Contracts will have to be made under which rich countries will help the poor to make emissions reductions work globally. This is what is expected from COP26. It is crucial to accelerate the energy transition to renewable energy sources and renewable hydrogen and to carry out comprehensive decarbonization of transport and production of all types of goods and thus contribute to avoiding catastrophic scenarios. With that goal, this work provides an overview of the current state of hydrogen technologies and possible solutions to accelerate the energy transition.

Uvod

Premda izgleda nemoguće u narednih dva-tri desetljeća zamijeniti ugljen, naftu i plin s obnovljivim izvorima energije (OIE), a s ciljem eliminacije emisije stakleničkih plinova, bez promjene današnjeg modela ponašanja do 2100. godine postižemo ne samo riskantne klimatske promjene, nego i koncentraciju ugljikovog dioksida (CO2) od 900 do 1200 ppm. Mi se naprosto ne možemo tako lako i brzo prilagođavati pa se u bližoj budućnosti može očekivati i povećanje zdravstvenih ugroza. Potrebno je ubrzati zelenu energetsku tranziciju budući da vremena za odgađanje nema. Najveća prepreka bržem i širem usvajanju OIE, odnosno zelenoj energetskoj tranziciji je prvenstveno njihova promjenljivost (intermitentnost) na dnevnoj i godišnjoj razini. Kada bi se uz sustave koji koriste OIE gradili vodikovi sustavi, mogli bi se viškovi električne energije koji se povremeno javljaju, ili će biti smisleno planirani, pohranjivati za kasniju uporabu kada OIE ‘ne rade’ ili ‘rade’ manjkavo. Promjenljivost OIE, kao prepreka njihovom ubrzanom razvoju, tako bi bila kompenzirana bez popratne emisije stakleničkih plinova. Današnja proizvodnja energije iz OIE dominantno je zasnovana na farmama vjetroturbina i poljima fotonaponskih modula, a da bi se kompenzirala promjenljivost proizvodnje u rezervi moraju biti spremne termoelektrane ili hidroelektrane. Buduća proizvodnja prema sadašnjim projekcijama je i dalje iz sunčeve energije i energije vjetra, ali kompenzacija promjenljivosti ide prema baterijama i vodiku, a u najnovije vrijeme izgleda da se vodik probija na prvo mjesto.

Metode

Metode korištene u izradi rada.

Rezultati

Tekst rezultata

Rasprava

Tekst

References

1. 

Kovač A.; ; Paranos M.; ; Marciuš D. , authors. 2021."Hydrogen in energy transition: A review.". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. ():

2. 

Kovač A. , author. 2018."Uloga vodikovih gorivnih članaka u procjeni razvoja prometnog sektora u Republici Hrvatskoj.". Radovi Zavoda za znanstveni rad Varaždin. (29):349–359

3. 

Kovač A.; ; Paranos M. , authors. 2019."Design of a solar hydrogen refuelling station following the development of the first Croatian fuel cell powered bicycle to boost hydrogen urban mobility". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. ():

4. 

Kovač A.; ; Paranos M.; ; Marciuš D. , authors. 2021."Thermal management of hydrogen refuelling station housing on an annual level". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. ():

5. 

Kovač A.; ; Budin L.; ; Marciuš D. , authors. 2019."Solar hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis". International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. ():

6. 

, author. 2021. Ec.europa.eu. https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/hydrogen_strategy.pdf():

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, author. 2021. irena.org. https://irena.org():

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, author. 2021. iea.org. https://www.iea.org():

9. 

, author. 2021. hydrogen.hr. https://hydrogen.hr():

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