Review article
https://doi.org/10.26800/LV-144-supl1-29
Urolithiasis in children: metabolic causes and prevention
Danko Milošević
; Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Medicinski fakultet, Zagreb, Opća bolnica Zabok i bolnica hrvatskih veterana, Bračak
Abstract
Urolithiasis in children, especially in adolescents, is increasingly being diagnosed. Calcium-oxalate urolithiasis is the most common cause of urolithiasis with the predominance of metabolic causes in early childhood, especially hypercalciuria and hyperoxaluria. In adolescence, the causes of stone formation are increasingly similar to those in adults with an increasing role of hypocitraturia and decreased urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans.
Cystinuria and urinary stones are less common causes of urinary tract stones in childhood. Particular attention is given to the role of urine pH and increased urine saturation. Proper diet and fluid intake can prevent the return of most urolithiasis in children. Citrate therapy should be limited to those children in whom control of urine saturation by diet cannot be achieved. Specific therapy is used in children with metabolic/genetic diseases and for some of whom gene therapy may soon be possible.
Keywords
UROLITHIASIS, METABOLIC CAUSES, DIET, CHILDREN
Hrčak ID:
275956
URI
Publication date:
24.4.2022.
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