Review article

https://doi.org/10.37797/ig.41.4.2

Neurological Complications of COVID-19

Inge Klupka-Sarić orcid.org/0000-0003-4704-9269 ; Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Jurica Arapović orcid.org/0000-0002-7674-6795 ; Infectious Disease Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Davor Batinić orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-9628 ; Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nikica Šutalo orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-2352 ; Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Azer Rizikalo ; Urology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Anita Ivanković ; Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sandra Lakičević orcid.org/0000-0002-0260-8330 ; Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Matea Baranik orcid.org/0000-0001-8250-1762 ; Neurology Clinic, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract

Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the newly discovered coronavirus type 2 which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was discovered in December 2019, and the World Health Organization has declared a pandemic due to the number of cases and the spread around the world. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to severe and lethal outcome. Although the clinical picture is dominated by respiratory disorders, numerous studies indicate the occurrence of acute and chronic neurological complications in almost a third of patients. The most common neurological symptoms of the acute phase of COVID-19 are headache, loss of smell and taste, disturbances of consciousness, encephalopathies, encephalitis, stroke, muscle pain, epileptic seizures, polyradiculopathy (GBS) and increased fatigue and intolerance to stressful and mental disorders in the postinfectious phase of the disease. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of neurological disorders in the acute phase include coagulopathies with associated hypoxic-ischemic damage, blood-brain barrier disorder, endotheliopathies and neuroinvasion of viruses with associated neuro-immune response.
The objective of this paper is to present the most common acute and chronic neurological disorders related to COVID-19 in adult patients as well as the potential pathophysiological mechanism of neurological disorders, and future epidemiological studies on patients with COVID-19 should determine the true incidence of specific neurological syndromes, to establish diagnostic and therapeutic protocols and to clarify the mechanism of disorder development.

Keywords

COVID-19; headache; anosmia; stroke; encephalopathy; cognitive impairment

Hrčak ID:

284363

URI

https://hrcak.srce.hr/284363

Publication date:

28.10.2022.

Article data in other languages: croatian

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