Case report
Obesity, Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and the Dopaminergic Reward System
Benjamin Charles Campbell
Dan Eisenberg
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has focused attention on obesity’s health consequences beyond cardio-vascular disease and diabetes.
To evaluate the potential consequences of obesity for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), we surveyed
the literature. Current findings link both obesity and ADHD to the dopamine system and implicate dopamine genes in
body weight, eating, and ADHD. Detailed consideration suggests that dopaminergic changes in the prefrontal cortex
among individuals with the ADHD subtype Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) may increase their risk for obesity. Thus,
individuals and populations with a high prevalence of hyperdopaminergic genes may experience higher rates of obesity
in the presence of abundant food. From an evolutionary perspective, alterations in the dopamine system appear to effect a
wide range of behavioral phenotypes. We suggest that recent evolutionary changes in the dopamine receptor genes selected
to increase cognitive and behavioral flexibility may now be associated with attention problems and increased food
consumption in an obesogenic environment.
Keywords
Hrčak ID:
27287
URI
Publication date:
4.1.2007.
Visits: 3.531 *