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Publication date: 2024
Volume: 22
Issue: 40
News
New Cartographic Terms 3
Nedjeljko Frančula
; Geodetski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Međimurska 17, Zagreb
Miljenko Lapaine
; Geodetski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu Međimurska 17, Zagreb
Abstract
After the publication of the Cartographic Dictionary (Frančula et al. 2020), this journal published definitions of newly created cartographic terms, as well as terms that the authors failed to include in the dictionary (Frančula, Lapaine 2022). Due to the rapid development of technology, new terms are created every day, so here we provide a list of them with definitions. Terms from computer science, especially artificial intelligence, necessary for cartographers are also included.After the publication of the Cartographic Dictionary (Frančula et al. 2020), this journal published definitions of newly created cartographic terms, as well as terms that the authors failed to include in the dictionary (Frančula, Lapaine 2022). Due to the rapid development of technology, new terms are created every day, so here we provide a list of them with definitions. Terms from computer science, especially artificial intelligence, necessary for cartographers are also included.
Keywords
Hrčak ID:
313542
URI
Publication date:
27.12.2023.
Visits: 642 *
Article information
References / Literatura
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Endreß S (2023) A Novel Approach to Visualizing Olfactory Landscapes. KN – Journal of Cartography and Geographic Information, 73, 3, 199-210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s42489-023-00144-8 ( 23.09.2023 )
FER (2023) Znanost o podacima. Fakultet elektrotehnike i računarstva. .https://www.fer.unizg.hr/studiji/dipl/rac/zop ( 08.12.2023 )
FESB AI (2023) Što je Generativna umjetna inteligencija (Generative AI) i zašto je moramo biti svjesni? Fakultet elektrotehnike, strojarstva i brodogradnje Sveučilišta u Splitu, .https://ai.fesb.hr/index.php/zanimljivosti/12-sto-je-generativna-umjetna-inteligencija-generative-ai ( 11.11.2023 )
Frančula N, Lapaine M (2022) Novi kartografski nazivi / New cartographic terms. Kartografija i geoinformacije, 21, 37, 74-81. https://doi.org/https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/446502 ( 31.08.2023 )
Frančula N, Lapaine M (2023) Novi kartografski nazivi 2 / New cartographic terms 2. Kartografija i geoinformacije, 22, 39, 108-111. https://doi.org/https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/442120 ( 31.08.2023 )
Frančula N, Lapaine M, Jazbec I.-P. (2020) Kartografski rječnik. Hrvatsko kartografsko društvo. Naklada Dominović. https://doi.org/https://www.bib.irb.hr/1077262 ( 31.08.2023 )
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New Cartographic Terms 3
After New Cartographic Names (Frančula, Lapaine 2022) and New Cartographic Names 2 (Frančula, Lapaine 2023), we offer the readers of this journal New Cartographic Names 3. The reason is an accelerated development of technology that creates new names every day. Names from computer science, especially artificial intelligence, necessary for cartographers are also included.
All names are arranged alphabetically. When a name consists of two or more words, the first is always a noun. For example, olfactory cartography is included in the dictionary as cartography, olfactory. A comma means that the usual word order is reversed. Names in foreign languages are entered in the dictionary in the same way.
A synonym of the name in the Croatian language is marked with also. Preference is given to the first name listed. If there are synonyms in a foreign language, they are separated by a semicolon (;).
See refers to the names that served in the definition of a certain name or are closely related to it. If that name was included in the Cartographic Dictionary (Frančula et al. 2020), or in previous lists of new cartographic names, we did not list it here.
Some additional information is given in the notes.
AGI
abbreviation for Artificial General Intelligence
See: intelligence, general artificial
cartography, olfactory
a part of cartography that deals with the research and mapping of olfactory landscapes
See: landscape, olfactory
Cro. kartografija, olfaktorna
Fr. cartographie olfactive
Ger. Kartographie, olfaktorische
cartography, smart
cartography adaptable and ready to respond to technological progress and shaped to meet the growing needs of the community for spatial display
Cro. kartografija, pametna
Fr. cartographie intelligente
Ger. Kartographie, intelligente
ChatGPT, Visual
a system that connects ChatGPT and a set of visual core models to enable sending and receiving images during conversations
See: model, visual fundamental
Cro. ChatGPT, Visual
cheating
unauthorized use of information, materials, devices, sources or practices in academic activities
Cro. varanje
computing, distributed
a field of computer science that studies distributed systems
See: system, distributet
Cro. računalstvo, distribuirano
computing, edge
a distributed computing paradigm that brings computing and data storage closer to data sources
Note: The purpose is to speed up the calculation process.
Cro. računalstvo, rubno
Ger. Computing, Edge
contract cheating
a practice in which students seek the help of others, paid or unpaid, to complete their assignments, essays, or projects
Cro. kršenje ugovora
data science
branch of computing that deals with extracting knowledge from structured and unstructured data, including large data sets
Cro. znanost o podatcima
Fr. science des données
Ger. Datenwissenschaft
DNM
abbreviation for Domain Name System
See: domain name system; address book, online
Domain Name System
Also: address book, online; DNM
a hierarchical and distributed system of names for computers, services and other resources on the Internet or other Internet Protocol networks (IP addresses)
Note: The domain name system has been an essential component of the Internet since 1985.
Cro. sustav imena domena; adresar, internetski
Fr. Système de noms de domaines
GPT
abbreviation for Generative pre-trained transformer
See: transformer, generative pre-trained
hallucination
an artificial intelligence response that is not based on the data the chatbot was trained on
See: chatbot (Frančula, Lapaine 2023)
Cro. halucinacija
Fr. hallucination
Ger. Halluzination
intelligence, general artificial
Also: intelligence, strong artificial; AGI
a form of artificial intelligence that possesses the ability to understand, learn and apply knowledge in a wide range of tasks and domains
See: intelligence, artificial (Frančula et al. 2020)
Cro. inteligencija, opća umjetna; AGI; inteligencija, jaka umjetna
Fr. intelligence artificielle générale
Ger. Intelligenz, künstliche allgemeine
intelligence, generative artificial
artificial intelligence that deals with the creation of original content such as text, images, music, video
Cro. inteligencija, generativna umjetna
Fr. intelligence artificielle générative
Ger. Intelligenz, generative künstliche
intelligence, narrow artificial
See: intelligence, weak artificial
Cro. inteligencija, uska umjetna
intelligence, strong artificial
See: intelligence, general artificial
Cro. inteligencija, jaka umjetna
Fr. intelligence artificielle forte
Ger. Intelligenz, starke künstliche
intelligence, weak artificial
Also: intelligence, narrow artificial
a form of artificial intelligence that is limited to a specific or narrow area
See: intelligence, artificial (Frančula et al. 2020)
Cro. inteligencija, slaba umjetna; inteligencija, uska umjetna
Fr. intelligence artificielle faible
Ger. Intelligenz, schwache künstliche
landscape, olfactory
a landscape with an individual very strong olfactory perception
Cro. krajolik, mirisni
Fr. paysage olfactif
Ger. Geruchslandschaft
model, visual foundation
the underlying model that generates the images
Note: It usually includes components of large language models to enable the generation of images using text input queries.
See: model, large language (Frančula, Lapaine 2023)
Cro. model, vizualni temeljni
system, distributed
system whose components are located on different networked computers that communicate and coordinate actions by sending messages to each other
Cro. sustav, distribuirani
transformer, generative pre-trained
a large language model and framework for generative artificial intelligence
Note: These are artificial neural networks based on a transformer architecture, pre-trained on large datasets of unlabeled text and capable of generating new human-like content.
See: model, large language; intelligence, generative artificial
Cro. transformator, generativni unaprijed obučeni; GPT
Fr. transformeur génératif pré-entraîné
Ger. Transformer, generative vortrainierte
Web3
a group of technologies that restructure control over the Internet
Note 1: These technologies include financial projects (cryptocurrencies), communication technology (encrypted messaging), mass use cases or critical Internet infrastructure (decentralized Internet address book)
Note 2: Web3 and its components will be an integral part of the future virtual world, including maps and visualization of spatial data.
Note 3: Web 3.0 and web3 should be distinguished.
See: web 3.0 (Frančula et al. 2020); domain name system
Cro. web3
Novi kartografski nazivi 3
Nakon Novih kartografskih naziva (Frančula, Lapaine 2022) i Novih kartografskih naziva 2 (Frančula, Lapaine 2023) nudimo čitateljima ovog časopisa i Nove kartografske nazive 3. Ralog je ubrzani razvoj tehnologije koji svakodnevno stvara nove nazive. Uključeni su i nazivi iz računalne znanosti, posebno umjetne inteligencije, nužni kartografima.
Svi nazivi poredani su po abecedi. Kada se naziv sastoji od dviju ili više riječi, prva je uvijek imenica. Na primjer olfaktorna kartografija uvrštena je u rječnik kao kartografija, olfaktorna. Zarez znači da je uobičajeni redoslijed riječi obrnut. Na isti način upisani su u rječnik i nazivi na stranim jezicima.
Sinonim nazivu u hrvatskom jeziku označen je s također. Prednost se daje prvom navedenom nazivu. Ako u stranom jeziku postoje sinonimi, odvojeni su točkom sa zarezom (;).
S vidi upućuje se na nazive koji su poslužili u definiciji određenog naziva ili su u uskoj vezi s njim. Ako je taj naziv uvršten u Kartografski rječnik (Frančula i dr. 2020), ili u prethodne popise novih kartografskih naziva nismo ga ovdje navodili.
U napomenama dane su neke dodatne informacije.
AGI
kratica od Artificial General Intelligence
Vidi: inteligencija, opća umjetna
ChatGPT, Visual
sustav koji povezuje ChatGPT i niz vizualnih temeljnih modela kako bi se omogućilo slanje i primanje slika tijekom razgovora
SVidi: model, vizualni temeljni
En. ChatGPT, Visual
DNM
kratica od Domain Name System
Vidi: sustav imena domena; adresar, internetski
GPT
kratica od Generative pre-trained transformer
Vidi: transformator, generativni unaprijed obučeni
halucinacija
odgovor umjetne inteligencije koji se ne temelji na podatcima na kojima je program za razgovor uvježbavan
Vidi: program za razgovor (Frančula, Lapaine 2023)
En. hallucination
Fr. hallucination
Ger. Halluzination
inteligencija, generativna umjetna
umjetna inteligencija koja se bavi stvaranjem originalnog sadržaja poput teksta, slika, glazbe, videa
En. intelligence, generative artificial
Fr. intelligence artificielle générative
Nj. Intelligenz, generative künstliche
inteligencija, jaka umjetna
Vidi: inteligencija, opća umjetna
En. intelligence, strong artificial
Fr. intelligence artificielle forte
Nj. Intelligenz, starke künstliche
inteligencija, opća umjetna
Također: inteligencija, jaka umjetna
oblik umjetne inteligencije koji posjeduje sposobnost razumijevanja, učenja i primjene znanja u širokom rasponu zadataka i domena
Vidi: inteligencija, umjetna (Frančula i dr. 2022)
En. intelligence, artificial general; AGI; intelligence, strong artificial; AI, strong
Fr. intelligence artificielle générale
Nj. Intelligenz, künstliche allgemeine
inteligencija, slaba umjetna
Također: inteligencija, uska umjetna
oblik umjetne inteligencije koji je ograničen na određeno ili usko područje
Vidi: inteligencija, umjetna (Frančula i dr. 2020)
En. intelligence, weak artificial; AI, weak; intelligence, narrow artificial
Fr. intelligence artificielle faible
Nj. Intelligenz, schwache künstliche
inteligencija, uska umjetna
Vidi: inteligencija, slaba umjetna
En. intelligence, narrow artificial
kartografija, olfaktorna
dio kartografije koji se bavi istraživanjem i kartografiranjem mirisnih krajolika
Vidi: krajolik, mirisni
En. cartography, olfactory
Fr. cartographie olfactive
Nj. Kartographie, olfaktorische
kartografija, pametna
kartografija prilagodljiva i spremna odgovoriti na tehnološki napredak i oblikovana da odgovara rastućim potrebama zajednice za prostornim prikazivanjem
En. cartography, smart
Fr. cartographie intelligente
Nj. Kartographie, intelligente
krajolik, mirisni
krajolik s individualnom vrlo jakom mirisnom percepcijom
En. landscape, olfactory
Fr. paysage olfactif
Nj. Geruchslandschaft
kršenje ugovora
praksa u kojoj studenti traže pomoć drugih, plaćenih ili ne, kako bi dovršili svoje zadatke, eseje i projekte
En. contract cheating
model, vizualni temeljni
temeljni model koji generira slike
Napomena: Obično uključuje komponente velikih jezičnih modela kako bi se omogućilo generiranje slika primjenom tekstnih ulaznih upita.
Vidi: model, veliki jezični (Frančula, Lapaine 2023)
En. model, visual foundation
računalstvo, distribuirano
Također: računarstvo, distribuirano
polje računalnih znanosti koje proučava distribuirane sustave
Vidi: sustav, distribuirani
En. computing, distributed
računalstvo, rubno
Također: računarstvo, rubno
distribuirana računalna paradigma koja računanje i pohranu podataka približava izvorima podataka
Napomena: Svrha je ubrzavanje procesa računanja.
En. computing, edge
Nj. Computing, Edge
računarstvo, rubno
Vidi: računalstvo, rubno
sustav imena domena
Također: adresar, internetski
hijerarhijski i distribuirani sustav imena za računala, usluge i druge resurse na internetu ili drugim mrežama internetskog protokola (IP adrese)
Napomena: Sustav imena domena bitna je komponenta interneta od 1985. godine.
En. Domain Name System; DNM
Fr. Système de noms de domaines
sustav, distribuirani
sustav čije komponente su smještene na različitim umreženim računalima koja komuniciraju i koordiniraju akcije šaljući poruke jedno drugome
En. system, distributet
transformator, generativni unaprijed obučeni
vrsta velikog jezičnog modela i okvir za generativnu umjetnu inteligenciju
Napomena: To su umjetne neuronske mreže koje se temelje na transformatorskoj arhitekturi, unaprijed obučene na velikim skupovima podataka neoznačenog teksta i sposobne generirati novi sadržaj sličan ljudskom.
Vidi: model, veliki jezični (Frančula, Lapaine 2023); inteligencija, generativna umjetna
En. transformer, Generative pre-trained; GPT
Fr. transformeur génératif pré-entraîné
Nj. Transformer, generative vortrainierte
varanje
neovlašteno korištenje informacija, materijala, uređaja, izvora ili praksi u obavljanju akademskih aktivnosti
En. cheating
web3
skupina tehnologija koje restrukturiraju kontrolu nad internetom
Napomena 1: Te tehnologije uključuju financijske projekte (kriptovalute), komunikacijsku tehnologiju (šifrirano slanje poruka), slučajeve masovne upotrebe ili kritičnu internetsku infrastrukturu (decentralizirani internetski adresar).
Napomena 2: Web3 i njegove komponente bit će sastavni dio budućeg virtualnog svijeta, uključujući karte i vizualizaciju prostornih podataka.
Napomena 3: Treba razlikovati web 3.0 i web3.
Vidi: web 3.0 (Frančula i dr. 2020); sustav imena domena; adresar, internetski
En. Web3
znanost o podatcima
grana računalstva koja se bavi izdvajanjem znanja iz strukturiranih i nestrukturiranih podataka, uključujući velike skupove podataka
En. data science
Fr. science des données
Nj. Datenwissenschaft